Module 11: Enzymes Flashcards
What is the active site of an enzyme?
A location on an enzyme at which the substrate binds
What is activation energy?
Is the energy needed to overcome the energy barrier of breaking and reforming bonds for a reaction to proceed.
What is a catalyst?
Is a substance that speeds up a chemical reaction without itself being consumed in the reaction.
What is a substrate?
Something that an enzyme can build-up or breakdown.
What is enzyme-substrate complex?
The combination of an enzyme with its substrate bound to the active site.
What is the product for an enzyme?
The result of a chemical reaction.
What do living organisms use to speed up biochemical reactions?
Enzymes.
What happens during competitive inhibition?
The molecule that looks like the substrate is blocking the active site.
What happens during allosteric inhibition?
The molecule binds to enzymes and changes the enzyme shape. So the substrate can’t combine.
What are two environmental conditions that influence enzyme activity?
Temperature and PH
What are two things that an enzyme might do to stabilize a transition state?
Align substrates and/or destabilize bonds is a specific way of explaining the lowered activation energy
What happens to the rate of an enzyme reaction when the substrate concentration increases?
It increases the rate.
What does the term denature mean?
Means that the enzyme shape was destroyed and it won’t match with that certain substrate anymore.
What happens to the ability of an enzyme to catalyze a reaction when these conditions are not optimal?
depending on how far away from optimal conditions things are, an enzyme catalyzed reaction may simply slow down, or it may stop completely due to denaturing of the enzymes…and a return to optimal conditions may or may not result in an increased enzyme activity; often boiling proteins permanently denatures them.
