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Microbiology > Module 3 pt. 7 > Flashcards

Module 3 pt. 7 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Dormant stages of vegetative cells of some bacterial species

Protection for the bacterial genome but not a form of reproduction

Produced when starved

Very resistant to heat and harmful agents like (drying, cold, radiatiom, acids, bases, chemical disinfectants)

Produced through ___

Can be dormant for 100 years

A

Endospores

Sporulation

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2
Q

Endospores can be found in (2)

A

Bacillus

Clostridium

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3
Q

A bacterial Endospore can consist of (4)

Thin, delicate covering made of protein

Composed of spore-specific proteins, “sieve”, keeps out lysozyme

Loosely cross-linked peptidoglycan, maintains core in dehydrated state

Small proteins that bind DNA, has core-specific proteins, normal cell but inactive

A

Exosporium

Spore Coat

Core

Cortex

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4
Q

Classification of endospores based on location (3)

A

Central
Subterminal
Terminal

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5
Q

spores used in quality control of heating equipment

A

Bacillus stearothermophilus spores

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6
Q

spores used in biological warfare

A

Bacillus anthracis spores

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7
Q

Sporulation when cells are grown in low amounts of carbon or nitrogen (8)

A

DNA replicated

DNA aligns along the cell’s long axis

Membrane invaginates

DNA engulfed by membrane

Calcium and acid deposited between the membranes

Spore coat formed

Maturation of endospore

Endospore released from original cell

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8
Q

Triggered by brief exposure to heat or certain chemicals
Germination steps (4)

A

Activation

Commitment

Nutrient germination Stage I/II

Outgrowth

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9
Q

The differential staining technique used to differentiate btween vegetative cells and endospores was done by (2)

A

Alice B. Schaeffer

MacDonald Fulton

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10
Q

basic structure of a protozoan (8)

A

Nucleus

Food Particle

Flagellum

Cytoplasm

Mitochondrion

Endoplasmic reticulum

Pellicle

Inner cell membrane

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11
Q

Amoeba (10)

A

Food Vacuole

Cell membrane

Contractile vacuole

Water globules

Nucleolus

Nucleus

Cytoplasm
Endoplasm - inner, watery grainy
Ectoplasm - thin gel-like membrane

Pseudopod

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12
Q

Locomotory organelles arising from ectoplasm may vary from (3)

A

Cilia - numerous short threads distributed over the surface of the body

Pseudopodia - false feet

Flagella - hair-like projections

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13
Q

Absorb liquid nutrients from the medium or ingest bacteria & cells at any site of the body surface

Others have specialized cell mouth called ___ located at the anterior end of the body

A

Protozoans

Cytosome

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14
Q

Ciliates have in addition a cell anus or ___ at the posterior end of the body where food wastes are discharged

A

Cytopyge

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15
Q

Life stages of protozoans (2)

A

Cyst - non motile, the infective stage, resistant

Trophozoite - vegetative or feeding forms

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16
Q

Central body in the vesicular nucleus of certain protozoa

A

Karyosome

17
Q

Move by the help of the Flagella

A

Flagellates

18
Q

Common flagellates

A

Blood pathogen, Trypnosoma
Intestinal parasite, Giardia
Reproductive tract pathogen, Trichomonas

19
Q

Common features of stained trophozoite (3)

A

Two Nuclei (eyes)

Fibrils running the length og parasite (hair)

Median bodies (smile)- believed to be part of the adhesive disk

20
Q

Oval shape

Coarse cilia

Contractile vacuoles

Kidney shaped macronucleus

Binary fission

A

Ciliates

21
Q

The major groups of fungi (3)

A

Multicellular filamentous molds

Macroscopic filamentous fungi that form large fruiting bodies. (mushrooms)

Single celled microscopic yeast

22
Q

Parts of fungi (7)

A

Cap
Gills
Volva (Sac)
Ring
Stem
Mycelium

23
Q

Structures that help fungi absorb and digest food (2)

A

Hyphae - body of a fungus, multiple tubes, absorb decomposed matter. made up of Septa

Mycelium - hyphae tangled into a thick mass

24
Q

First fungi used for the isolation of antibiotics, used for the treatment of ___ bacteria.

A

Penicillium notatum

Gram positive

25
Q

Penicillium feeding hyphae parts (4)

A

Conidiophore

Motula
Sterigmata
Conidia

26
Q

Structure and physiology of bread mold (5)

A

Spores

Sporangium
Sporangiophore

Stolon

Rhizoid

27
Q

Unicellular
Eukaryotic
Facultative anaerobes
Lemon-shaped
Use budding as reproduction

A

Yeast

28
Q

Structure of Viruses (4)

A

Envelope - lipid membrane that surrounds the virus, acquired in viral maturation

Capsid - protective inner shell

Spike Glycoprotein - attachment

Nucleic acid DNA core

29
Q

Virus shapes (4)

A

Helical
Tobacco mosaic virus

Polyhedral
Adenovirus

Spherical
Influenza

Complex
Bacteriophage

Microbiology (25 decks)

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