Module 3 pt. 2 Flashcards
Cell membrane, which controls flow of METABOLITES is made up of(2)
Lipoprotein
Carbohydrates
P.S: Sterols absent
Cell membrane percentage of components (2)
40% phospholipid
60% protein
Cell membrane is represented by ?
Fluid-mosaic model
Components of Archaeal phospholipid vs Eukaryotic or bacterial phospholipid (3 each)
Archaeal
Branched isoprene chains
Ether linkage
L-glycerol
Eukaryotic
Unbranched fatty acids
Ester linkage
D-glycerol (different chirality, stereoisomers)
Branched isoprene chains can form what? They in turn produce what?
Lipid monolayer - stabilizes the membrane at high temperatures
Hopanoids
Types of cell membrane proteins (5)
Channel (Hotdog)
Carrier (Two droppers)
Recognition (Oval with bedhead)
Receptor (T)
Enzymatic (Separating)
*permeability barrier
* regulate movement of materials into and out of cell
* contains proteins that transport nutrients into the cells and eliminate waste materials
* synthesizes cell wall components
* assist with DNA replication (anchors DNA)
* secretes proteins
* carries on cell respiration (ATP synthesis)
* contains bases of flagella
* proteins respond to chemical substances in the environment
Prokaryotic Cell membrane
In prokaryotic cell membrane simple diffusion is possible. Small molecules like water, oxygen, carbion dioxide, and hydrophobic molecules can move freely
large molecules, like proteins, sugars, and ions can not (Specific membrane proteins)
Selectively permeable
Passive transport (2)
Active transport (1)
Diffusion
% Facilitated diffusion
Use of ATP
Cytoplasm ratio of its components (2)
4/5 Water
1/5 Dissolved substances (enzymes, proteins, carbs, lipids, salts, vitamins, inorganic ions)
Chemical reactions take place here
Colloidal system of variety of solutes in a watery solutions
No ER and mitochondria
Has mesosomes, inclusions, and vacuoles
Cytoplasm
Prominent in GM+ bacteria
Vesicular, invaginations in plasma membrane which are PRINCIPAL SITES of RESPIRATORY ENZYMES, cellular respiration
The Mitochondria of Eukaryotes but for prokaryotes
Formed by extensions of the cell membrane into the cell
Increases surface area of cell membrane to increase enzymatic content of the cell
Mesosomes
Gel-like region containing the chromosomes and plasmids. It is the chromosome region of a prokaryote
Nucleoid
Single, circular, or double-stranded DNA molecule that contains all the genetic information
1 mm long
10% of cell’s total volume (it is supercoiled)
Bacteria or archael appears circular, Eukaryal is not bcus squiggly
Chromosomes
Stages of E coli chromosome (3)
Circular
Folded - 40 to 50 loops
Supercoiled
Balls which aid with the job of supercoiling the chromosome
Histones
Accesssory genetic information
10% of the chromosome’s size
Can be transferred and spread to other bacterial cells
They replicate independently
5-100 genes
Plasmids
Ribosomes are composed of (2)
Ribonucelic acid (rRNA) and protein (ribosomal protein)
Ribosome weight Prokaryote(3)
Small subunit 30S (16S RNA)
Large subunit 50S (5S, 23S RNA)
Complete Ribosome 70s
Ribosome weight Eukaryote (3)
Small subunit 40S (18S RNA)
Large subunit 60S (5S RNA, 5.8S RNA, 28S RNA)
Complete ribosome 80S
Ribosome is the site for antibiotic action (___ and ___) and protein syntheis
Protein ___% of bacterial cell dry weight
___% cell energy for protein synthesis
Streptomycin, Tetracycline
50%
90%
Internal Membrane Systems:
___ contains the pigment used to capture the light energy for the synthesis of sugars
Nitrogen compounds into plant-useable form, House the enzymes used in deriving energy from oxidation of nitrogen compounds
Photosynthetic bacteria and cyanobacteria
Chromatophores/chlorosomes
Nitrifying bacteria
Varitety of small bodies within the cytoplasm
Sotrage of materials that are later used as nutrient sources
Reservoir of structural building blocks
Granules, vesicles
Inclusion bodies
Intracellular small storage bodies
Vary in size, number, and content
Bacterial cell can use them when environmental sources are depleted
granules and vesicles
