Module 3 pt. 2

Question 1

Cell membrane, which controls flow of METABOLITES is made up of(2)

Answer 1

Lipoprotein

Carbohydrates

P.S: Sterols absent

Question 2

Cell membrane percentage of components (2)

Answer 2

40% phospholipid

60% protein

Question 3

Cell membrane is represented by ?

Answer 3

Fluid-mosaic model

Question 4

Components of Archaeal phospholipid vs Eukaryotic or bacterial phospholipid (3 each)

Answer 4

Archaeal

Branched isoprene chains
Ether linkage
L-glycerol

Eukaryotic

Unbranched fatty acids
Ester linkage
D-glycerol (different chirality, stereoisomers)

Question 5

Branched isoprene chains can form what? They in turn produce what?

Answer 5

Lipid monolayer - stabilizes the membrane at high temperatures

Hopanoids

Question 6

Types of cell membrane proteins (5)

Answer 6

Channel (Hotdog)
Carrier (Two droppers)
Recognition (Oval with bedhead)
Receptor (T)
Enzymatic (Separating)

Question 7

*permeability barrier
* regulate movement of materials into and out of cell
* contains proteins that transport nutrients into the cells and eliminate waste materials
* synthesizes cell wall components
* assist with DNA replication (anchors DNA)
* secretes proteins
* carries on cell respiration (ATP synthesis)
* contains bases of flagella
* proteins respond to chemical substances in the environment

Answer 7

Prokaryotic Cell membrane

Question 8

In prokaryotic cell membrane simple diffusion is possible. Small molecules like water, oxygen, carbion dioxide, and hydrophobic molecules can move freely

large molecules, like proteins, sugars, and ions can not (Specific membrane proteins)

Answer 8

Selectively permeable

Question 9

Passive transport (2)
Active transport (1)

Answer 9

Diffusion
% Facilitated diffusion

Use of ATP

Question 10

Cytoplasm ratio of its components (2)

Answer 10

4/5 Water

1/5 Dissolved substances (enzymes, proteins, carbs, lipids, salts, vitamins, inorganic ions)

Question 11

Chemical reactions take place here

Colloidal system of variety of solutes in a watery solutions

No ER and mitochondria

Has mesosomes, inclusions, and vacuoles

Answer 11

Cytoplasm

Question 12

Prominent in GM+ bacteria

Vesicular, invaginations in plasma membrane which are PRINCIPAL SITES of RESPIRATORY ENZYMES, cellular respiration

The Mitochondria of Eukaryotes but for prokaryotes

Formed by extensions of the cell membrane into the cell

Increases surface area of cell membrane to increase enzymatic content of the cell

Answer 12

Mesosomes

Question 13

Gel-like region containing the chromosomes and plasmids. It is the chromosome region of a prokaryote

Answer 13

Nucleoid

Question 14

Single, circular, or double-stranded DNA molecule that contains all the genetic information

1 mm long

10% of cell’s total volume (it is supercoiled)

Bacteria or archael appears circular, Eukaryal is not bcus squiggly

Answer 14

Chromosomes

Question 15

Stages of E coli chromosome (3)

Answer 15

Circular

Folded - 40 to 50 loops

Supercoiled

Question 16

Balls which aid with the job of supercoiling the chromosome

Answer 16

Histones

Question 17

Accesssory genetic information
10% of the chromosome’s size

Can be transferred and spread to other bacterial cells

They replicate independently

5-100 genes

Answer 17

Plasmids

Question 18

Ribosomes are composed of (2)

Answer 18

Ribonucelic acid (rRNA) and protein (ribosomal protein)

Question 19

Ribosome weight Prokaryote(3)

Answer 19

Small subunit 30S (16S RNA)
Large subunit 50S (5S, 23S RNA)

Complete Ribosome 70s

Question 20

Ribosome weight Eukaryote (3)

Answer 20

Small subunit 40S (18S RNA)
Large subunit 60S (5S RNA, 5.8S RNA, 28S RNA)

Complete ribosome 80S

Question 21

Ribosome is the site for antibiotic action (___ and ___) and protein syntheis

Protein ___% of bacterial cell dry weight

___% cell energy for protein synthesis

Answer 21

Streptomycin, Tetracycline

50%
90%

Question 22

Internal Membrane Systems:

___ contains the pigment used to capture the light energy for the synthesis of sugars

Nitrogen compounds into plant-useable form, House the enzymes used in deriving energy from oxidation of nitrogen compounds

Answer 22

Photosynthetic bacteria and cyanobacteria
Chromatophores/chlorosomes

Nitrifying bacteria

Question 23

Varitety of small bodies within the cytoplasm

Sotrage of materials that are later used as nutrient sources

Reservoir of structural building blocks

Granules, vesicles

Answer 23

Inclusion bodies

Question 24

Intracellular small storage bodies

Vary in size, number, and content

Bacterial cell can use them when environmental sources are depleted

Answer 24

granules and vesicles

Question 25

Accumulations of high molecular weight polymers synthesized from a nutrient in excess

Substances densely compacted that do not dissolve in cytoplasm

Answer 25

Storage Granules

Question 26

Small, rigid protein-bound compartments that provide buoyancy to the cell

300-1000 nm x 45-120 nm

Found in aquatic, photosynthetic bacteria, cyanobacteria

Answer 26

Gas vesicles (vacuoles)