Module 3 pt. 3

Question 1

Counters the effects of osmotic pressure

Provides attachment sites for bacteriophages (virus that eats bacteria)

Provide a rigid platform for surface appendages

Sites of antigenic determinants of the cell surface

Resist antibiotics

Answer 1

Cell wall

Question 2

Responsible for the rigidity of the bacterial cell wall, only macromolecule only found in bacteria

Answer 2

Peptidoglycan

Question 3

Types of surface appendages (5)

Answer 3

Glycocalyx (Capsule, slime wall)
S-layer (Surface proteins)
flaghella
fimbriae
pili

Question 4

Arrangement of bacteria (3)

Answer 4

Diplo - 2 beside

Staphylo - shaped like grapes

Strepto - In a line

Question 5

No net movement of water

Water moves into the cell and may cause the cell to burst it if the wall is weak or damaged

Water moves out of the cell, causing its cytoplasm to shrink

Answer 5

Isotonic solution

Hypotonic solution (osmotic lysis)

Hypertonic solutiom (plasmolysis)

Question 6

Peptidogylcan aka ___

is composed of alternating chains of

___ and ___ which is cross linked by ___ chains

Responsible for the rigidity of the bacterial cell wall and the determination of cell shape

Murein

Answer 6

Mucopeptide

N-acetyl glucosamine (NAG)

N-acetyl Muramic Acid (NAM)

peptide chains

Question 7

Serves as the backbone of the peptidoglycan molecule

Answer 7

B-1-4-glycosidic bond

Question 8

Different bacteria species, different amino acid composition

Answer 8

Tetrapeptide

Question 9

Gram positive bacteria cell wall components (2)

Answer 9

-Teichoic acid
- Peptidoglycan cell wall

Question 10

Gram-negative bacteria cell wall components (5)

Answer 10

O antigen
Outer membrane
Murein lipoprotein
Peptidoglycan cell wall
Periplasmic space

Question 11

20-80 nm thick Gram positive cell wall percentages (2)

It is fully permeable to many substances

Answer 11

90% peptidoglycan

10% Teichoic acid

Question 12

These polymers play crucial roles in cell shape determination

regulation of cell division

Other fundamental aspects of Gram-positive bacterial physiology

Answer 12

Anionic glycopolymers

Question 13

Interwoven in the cell wall of the gram-positive are ___ and ___ which are covalently bonded to NAM

Answer 13

Teichoic acid

Lopoteichoic acids

Question 14

gram negative cell wall outer membrane is composed of (2)

Answer 14

Phospholipids
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)

Question 15

gram negative cell wall outer membrane is composed of (2)

Answer 15

Phospholipids
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)

Question 16

___ are outer membranes have a specialized channel for low molecular weight substances

___ translocate proteins produced to the outside of outer membrane

Answer 16

Porins

Secretion systems

Question 17

Regions of the LPS (3)

Answer 17

Polysaccharide determining O antigen

Core Polysaccharide

Glycolipid portion / Lipid A - Disaccharide diphosphate, fatty acids

Question 18

Causes a form of septic shock from which there is no direct treatment

Answer 18

Endotoxin - lipopolysaccharide

Question 19

Side chain portion of LPS directed away from the membrane

Chains of sugar molecules with varying composition and lengths

Used to identify certain species or strains

Answer 19

O-Antigen

Question 20

Responsible for the toxic properties of the G-bacteria (endotoxin)

Anchors the LPS in the bilayer

Hints at the presence of invading bacteria

Answer 20

Lipid A

Question 21

Gel-like fluid (periplasm)

Protein-filled (secreted proteins)
Very active area of cell metabolism

contains digestive enzymes and transport proteins

mostly observed among G- bacteria

Answer 21

Periplasmic space

Question 22

Interferes with peptidoglycan synthesis

Bunds to proteins involved in cell wall synthesis

Prevents cross-linking

Most effective against G+ bacteria

Derivatives can pass through porin channels

Answer 22

Penicillin

Question 23

Interferes with peptidoglycan synthesis

Found in many body fluids

Breaks bond between the NAM and NAG molecules

Answer 23

Lysozyme

Question 24

LONG PPT

Answer 24

Lipopolysaccharide
Outer Membrane
Negative
Gram

Positive
Peptidoglycan (thick)
Teichoic acid