Module 3 pt. 1

Question 1

Universal Ancestor

Domains (3)

Answer 1

Domain Eukarya

Prokaryotes:
-Domain Archaea

-Domain Bacteria

Question 2

Domain Archaea (4)

Answer 2

Euryarchaeotes

Crenachaeotes

Nanoarchaeotes

Korarchaeotes

Question 3

Domain bacteria (5)

Answer 3

Proteobacteria

Chlamydias

Spirochetes

Cyanobacteria

Gram-Positive bacteria

Question 4

Surrounded by a plasma membrane and many different structures and organelles with a variety of functions.

Answer 4

Eu - true
Karyon - nut or kernel

Domain Eukarya

Question 5

Things in domain Eukarya (6)

Answer 5

Fungi
Protozoa
Algae
Parasitic worms and Mites
Plants
Animals

Question 6

Unicellular that lack a true nucleus and lack membrane bound organelles. Genetic material not bound within a nucleus.

Answer 6

Pro - before
Karyon - Nut or Kernel

Prokaryotes

Question 7

Type of prokaryotic cell types (3)

Answer 7

Cocci - Spherical

Bacilli - rod-shaped

Spirilli - spiral-shaped

Question 8

Eubacteria traits [Venn diagram] (4)

Answer 8

Peptidoglycan in cell walls

Cannot survive in extreme environments

Bacteria and cyanobacteria

More standard energy production

Question 9

Archaebacteria traits [Venn diagram] (4)

Answer 9

No peptidoglycan in cell walls

Live in extreme environments

Thermophiles, Halophiles, Methanogens

Less standard energy production

Question 10

Eubacteria AND Archaebacteria traits [Venn diagram] (4)

Answer 10

Evolved from common ancestor

Prokaryotic

NO Nucleus

Single-celled

Ribosomes

No membrane-bound organelles

Question 11

unicellular organisms WITHOUT nuclei

ENERGY: Chemosynthesis (Nutrients from Carbon through oxidation, ___)

NO organelles

Have cell walls

LACKS peptidogylcan

DNA similar to eukaryotes

Live in extreme environments (NO oxygen, hot springs, deep ocean)

Answer 11

Archaebacteria

ferrous ions

Question 12

Protect cell against ion & pH fluctuations, osmotic stress, degrading enzymes and predacious bacteria

Widely studied for nanotech due to their ability to self assembe protein units without enzymes

Future prospects: S-layer can be used for drug delivery systems & detection for toxic chemicals

Answer 12

Archaebacteria Cell wall

Question 13

Type 1/5 Archaebacteria cell wall (3)

Answer 13

S layer composed of protein/GLYCOprotein

20-40 nm thick

Methanogens and Thermophiles

Question 14

Type 2/5 Archaebacteria cell wall (2)

Answer 14

+ protein sheath

Methanosprillum

Question 15

Type 3/5 Archaebacteria cell wall (2)

Answer 15

+ Methanochondroitin

Methanosarcina

Question 16

Type 4/5 Archaebacteria cell wall (2)

Answer 16

+ Psuedomurein (below S-layer)

Methanothermus/Methanopyrus

Question 17

How does the psuedomurein differ from the peptidoglycan?

Answer 17

Pseudomurein has N-acetyltalosaminuronic acid & L-amino acids

instead of Peptidoglycan’s N-acetyl muramic acid & D-amino acids

Question 18

Type 5/5 Archaebacteria cell wall (3)

Answer 18

• S layer

+Single thick, homogenous layer like gram positive bacteria

Methanobacterium Halococcus