Module 3 (Lecture) - Muscular System

Question 1

electrical excitability

Answer 1

ability to respond to stimuli (action potential)

Question 2

contractile

Answer 2

ability to shorten

Question 3

extensible

Answer 3

ability to stretch

Question 4

elastic

Answer 4

ability to recover original shape

Question 5

skeletal muscle

Answer 5

• attached to skeleton via tendons or aponeurosis tissue sheet
• voluntary, tires quickly

Question 6

cardiac muscle

Answer 6

• found in walls of heart
• involuntary, contracts without external stimuli

Question 7

smooth muscle

Answer 7

• walls of internal organs
• involuntary, does not tire

Question 8

endomysium

Answer 8

connective tissue that covers individual muscle fibers

Question 9

perimysium

Answer 9

surrounds organized bundle of muscle fibers, also called fascicles

Question 10

epimysium

Answer 10

connective tissue that covers the entire muscle, lies deep to fascia

Question 11

sarcolemma

Answer 11

plasma membrane of muscle fiber

Question 12

sarcoplasm

Answer 12

cytoplasm of muscle cell

Question 13

sarcomere

Answer 13

basic functional unit of a myofibril consisting of a complex arrangement of contractile proteins

Question 14

actin form the ___ filaments and myosin form the ___ filaments

Answer 14

thick; thin

Question 15

sliding filament mechanism

Answer 15

thick filaments “walk” along the thin and pull to center

Question 16

crossbridges

Answer 16

chemical bond that occurs when thick filaments bind to the thin filaments

Question 17

latent period:
relaxation period:

Answer 17

period of contraction
period of release

Question 18

slow twitch fibers

Answer 18

• contract with slower speed
• regenerate via aerobic respiration
• ex. glutes

Question 19

fast twitch fibers

Answer 19

• contract with faster speed, but tire more quickly
• regenerate via anaerobic respiration
• ex. eye muscles

Question 20

three ways muscles regenerate ATP:

Answer 20

creatine phosphate, aerobic respiration, anaerobic respiration

Question 21

creatine phosphate

Answer 21

process:
1. creatine phosphate couples with ADP in the presence of creatine kinase
2. creatine phosphate gives one phosphate group to ADP
3. ATP created

yield:
- 1 creatine phosphate = 1 ATP molecule
- energy for 15 seconds of activity

Question 22

anaerobic respiration

Answer 22

process:
1. glycogen breaks down into glucose
2. ATP and pyruvic acid produced
3. pyruvic acid converts to lactic acid

yield:
- 1 glucose = 2 ATP molecules
- lactic acid diffuses to blood and used by liver or heart as glucose
- energy for 30-60 seconds

Question 23

aerobic respiration

Answer 23

process:
1. glucose produces ATP and pyruvic acid
2. pyruvic acid produces carbon dioxide, water, and more ATP through fatty acid

yield:
- 1 glucose = 36 ATP molecules
- energy for hours

Question 24

axial muscles

Answer 24

originate and insert within the axial skeleton

Question 25

appendicular muscles

Answer 25

insert into the appendicular skeleton for limb movement

Question 26

tendon

Answer 26

fibrous extension of a muscle that inserts into bone

Question 27

origin

Answer 27

less mobile potion of muscle attached to bone

Question 28

insertion

Answer 28

where the tendon of muscle attaches to bone to produce movement

Question 29

anterior

Answer 29

“of the front”

Question 30

intermedius

Answer 30

“in between”

Question 31

lateralis

Answer 31

outer (lateral) side of body part

Question 32

medialis

Answer 32

median plane of body part

Question 33

medius

Answer 33

“middle” or “in the middle”

Question 34

digiti & digitorum

Answer 34

fingers and toes

Question 35

femoris

Answer 35

pertains to femur bone

Question 36

hallucis

Answer 36

pertains to the great toe

Question 37

peroneus

Answer 37

pertains to fibula bone

Question 38

tibialis

Answer 38

pertains to the tibia bone

Question 39

adductor

Answer 39

moves body part toward midline

Question 40

extensor

Answer 40

stretches

Question 41

flexor

Answer 41

bends

Question 42

rectus

Answer 42

means straight

Question 43

brevis

Answer 43

means short

Question 44

longus

Answer 44

means long

Question 45

maximus

Answer 45

“greatest” or “longest”

Question 46

minimus

Answer 46

“smallest”

Question 47

vastus

Answer 47

“of great extent”