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BSC2085 > Module 3 (Lecture) - Muscular System > Flashcards

Module 3 (Lecture) - Muscular System Flashcards

1
Q

electrical excitability

A

ability to respond to stimuli (action potential)

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2
Q

contractile

A

ability to shorten

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3
Q

extensible

A

ability to stretch

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4
Q

elastic

A

ability to recover original shape

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5
Q

skeletal muscle

A
  • attached to skeleton via tendons or aponeurosis tissue sheet
  • voluntary, tires quickly
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6
Q

cardiac muscle

A
  • found in walls of heart
  • involuntary, contracts without external stimuli
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7
Q

smooth muscle

A
  • walls of internal organs
  • involuntary, does not tire
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8
Q

endomysium

A

connective tissue that covers individual muscle fibers

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9
Q

perimysium

A

surrounds organized bundle of muscle fibers, also called fascicles

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10
Q

epimysium

A

connective tissue that covers the entire muscle, lies deep to fascia

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11
Q

sarcolemma

A

plasma membrane of muscle fiber

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12
Q

sarcoplasm

A

cytoplasm of muscle cell

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13
Q

sarcomere

A

basic functional unit of a myofibril consisting of a complex arrangement of contractile proteins

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14
Q

actin form the ___ filaments and myosin form the ___ filaments

A

thick; thin

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15
Q

sliding filament mechanism

A

thick filaments “walk” along the thin and pull to center

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16
Q

crossbridges

A

chemical bond that occurs when thick filaments bind to the thin filaments

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17
Q

latent period:
relaxation period:

A

period of contraction
period of release

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18
Q

slow twitch fibers

A
  • contract with slower speed
  • regenerate via aerobic respiration
  • ex. glutes
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19
Q

fast twitch fibers

A
  • contract with faster speed, but tire more quickly
  • regenerate via anaerobic respiration
  • ex. eye muscles
20
Q

three ways muscles regenerate ATP:

A

creatine phosphate, aerobic respiration, anaerobic respiration

21
Q

creatine phosphate

A

process:
1. creatine phosphate couples with ADP in the presence of creatine kinase
2. creatine phosphate gives one phosphate group to ADP
3. ATP created

yield:
- 1 creatine phosphate = 1 ATP molecule
- energy for 15 seconds of activity

22
Q

anaerobic respiration

A

process:
1. glycogen breaks down into glucose
2. ATP and pyruvic acid produced
3. pyruvic acid converts to lactic acid

yield:
- 1 glucose = 2 ATP molecules
- lactic acid diffuses to blood and used by liver or heart as glucose
- energy for 30-60 seconds

23
Q

aerobic respiration

A

process:
1. glucose produces ATP and pyruvic acid
2. pyruvic acid produces carbon dioxide, water, and more ATP through fatty acid

yield:
- 1 glucose = 36 ATP molecules
- energy for hours

24
Q

axial muscles

A

originate and insert within the axial skeleton

25
Q

appendicular muscles

A

insert into the appendicular skeleton for limb movement

26
Q

tendon

A

fibrous extension of a muscle that inserts into bone

27
Q

origin

A

less mobile potion of muscle attached to bone

28
Q

insertion

A

where the tendon of muscle attaches to bone to produce movement

29
Q

anterior

A

“of the front”

30
Q

intermedius

A

“in between”

31
Q

lateralis

A

outer (lateral) side of body part

32
Q

medialis

A

median plane of body part

33
Q

medius

A

“middle” or “in the middle”

34
Q

digiti & digitorum

A

fingers and toes

35
Q

femoris

A

pertains to femur bone

36
Q

hallucis

A

pertains to the great toe

37
Q

peroneus

A

pertains to fibula bone

38
Q

tibialis

A

pertains to the tibia bone

39
Q

adductor

A

moves body part toward midline

40
Q

extensor

A

stretches

41
Q

flexor

A

bends

42
Q

rectus

A

means straight

43
Q

brevis

A

means short

44
Q

longus

A

means long

45
Q

maximus

A

“greatest” or “longest”

46
Q

minimus

A

“smallest”

47
Q

vastus

A

“of great extent”

BSC2085 (11 decks)

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