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BIOM1071 > Module 3 > Flashcards

Module 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Oogenesis

A

Growth of oocyte

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2
Q

folliculogenesis

A

growth of follicle that contains oocyte

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3
Q

primordal follicle

A

first stage of follicle development

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4
Q

preantral follicle

A

early growing of antral follicle

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5
Q

antral follicle

A

space in the follicle called antrum

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6
Q

corpus luteum

A

creates progesterone during pregnancy

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7
Q

gonadotropin

A

hormones release by anterior pituitary, act on gondas to increase sex hormone production

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8
Q

LH

A

produce theca cells

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9
Q

FSH

A

produce granulosa cells

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10
Q

Gnrh

A

repsonsible for rellease LH and FSH

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11
Q

HPG

A

hypothalamic pituitary gondal axis

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12
Q

theca cells

A

produced by LH, produce androgens

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13
Q

granulosa cells

A

prodced by FSH, converts androgens to estrogens

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14
Q

androgens

A

sex hormone

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15
Q

progesterone

A

maintains endometrium of uterus, supporting pregnancy

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16
Q

estrogen

A

promote oogenesis and ovulation

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17
Q

spematogenesis

A

production and maturation of sperm

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18
Q

spermiogenesis

A

spermatids to sperm

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19
Q

sertoli cell

A

nurse cells

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20
Q

leydig cells

A

steriodogenic

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21
Q

peritubular

A

functional compartment of testes that produces androgens

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22
Q

intratubular

A

functional compartment of testes that produces sperm

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23
Q

seminiferous tubules

A

production of sperm

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24
Q

ABP

A

keeps local concentration of testosterone high

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25
Q

spermatogonia

A

stem cells (first stage of sperm production)

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26
Q

spermatocytes

A

after meiosis, type b daughter cells form into spermatocytes

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27
Q

spermatids

A

last stage before sperm

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28
Q

spermatozoa

A

sperm

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29
Q

rete testis

A

bundles of seminiferous tubules

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30
Q

efferent ductules

A

pathway between rete testis and epididymus

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31
Q

testosterone

A

male sex hormone

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32
Q

pampiniform plexus

A

heat exchange

33
Q

infundibulum

A

where the newly ovulated oocyte is captured

34
Q

ampulla

A

facilitation of fertilisation

35
Q

isthmus

A

storage of sperm and transport of embryo to uterus

36
Q

fibriae

A

little arms that grab on to oocyte

37
Q

seminal plasma

A

90% of seminal fluid

38
Q

seminal vesciles

A

produce 75% of seminal fluid

39
Q

bulbo-urethral glands

A

produce some seminal fluid

40
Q

prostate

A

at buttom of bladder

41
Q

corpora cavernosa

A

column of erectile tissue- what causes an erection

42
Q

corpus spongiosum

A

column of erectile tissue- around urethra

43
Q

capcitation

A

prepares sperm to be fertilised

44
Q

acrosome reaction

A

allows for potential to fuse with oocyte plasma membrane

45
Q

zona pellucida

A

glycoprotein coating on oocyte

46
Q

cortical reaction

A

one of the blocks to polyspermy: destroying of sperm binding receptors because Ca2+ surge causes ZP to harden

47
Q

zygote

A

fertilisation of sperm and egg

48
Q

morula

A

cluster of 16 cells

49
Q

blastocyst

A

cluster of 100 cells

50
Q

inner cell mass

A

embryoblast- forms the embryo

51
Q

trophectoderm

A

trophoblast cells- forms the placenta

52
Q

syncytiotrophoblast

A

outer layer on trophoblast cells

53
Q

cytrophoblast

A

inner layer of cells on trophoblast cells

54
Q

epiblast

A

inner fetus cells of embryoblasts

55
Q

hypoblast

A

inner yolk sac of embryoblasts

56
Q

Oocyte membrane block

A

Oocyte sperm binding receptors shed

57
Q

progestin

A

synthetic progesterone

58
Q

COC

A

combination oral contraceptive

59
Q

POP

A

progesterone only pill

60
Q

ART

A

assisted reproductive tehcnology

61
Q

IVF

A

multiple egg implantation

62
Q

ICSI

A

single sperm injection

63
Q

PCOS

A

systs on ovaries

64
Q

primary diploid

A

primary oocyte and spermatocyte

65
Q

primary haploid

A

secondary oocyte and spermatocyte

66
Q

Explain steps in spermatogenesis

A

Spermatagonium, (mitosis)
Primary spermatocyte (meiosis l)
Secondary spermatocyte (meiosis ll)
Spermatid

67
Q

Explain steps in Oogenesis

A

Oogenium (mitosis)
Primary oocyte (meiosis l, arrested in prophase l)
Primary oocyte (meiosis l completed, meiosis ll starts, arrested in metaphase ll)
Secondary oocyte (meiosis ll completed)
Oocyte

68
Q

Stages of folliculogenesis

A 
Primordial 
Primary 
Secondary 
Early antral 
Antral 
Ovulatory 
Corpus luteum
69
Q

Hormones in IVF and what they do

A

FSH- follicle growth
Progesterone- luteul support
GnRH agonist - surpress ovulation
HCG- promote oocyte maturation and ovulation, act as LH

70
Q

Reasons for using POP

A

History of;

  • Hypertension
  • Stroke
  • DVT
71
Q

Purpose of withdrawal bleeding on the pill

A

A pause in hormones causes a withdrawl of support for the endometrial lining, which causes a bleed. This is to act like a normal period and women keep taking the pill.

72
Q

Causes of infertility in both genders

A 
Males 
- Dilation of paniform plexus - increase temp = bad sperm 
- vas deferens blockage 
Female 
- ovarian disfunction
- endocrine issues 
- implantation abnormalities
73
Q

Why is ICSI becoming more popular

A

if males are having the fertility issues

74
Q

Where in the uterine tube does fertilisation occur? What

does the infundibulum do?

A

Occurs in the Ampulla and the infundibulum grabs the oocyte.

75
Q

Where does sperm maturation occur

A

epididymus

76
Q

whats requried for sperm to be fertile

A

goes through capacitation

77
Q

What initiates the acrosome reaction in sperm?

A

Ca 2+ surge

78
Q

During fertilisation, what is required to preserve

euploidy in the newly formed zygote?

79
Q

Describe the cells within a blastocyst. Which cells will

form the fetus? Which cells will form the placenta?

A

Blastocyst contains Trophoblast (placenta forming) and Embryoblast.
trophoblast - cytotrophoblast ( inner layer ) and syncitriotrophoblast ( outer layer )
Embryoblast - Epiblast (fetus) and Hypoblast (yolk sac).

BIOM1071 (7 decks)

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