Module 2 Section 1 Skeletal System Introduction

Question 1

General organization of skeletal system

Answer 1

-composed of bones, cartilage, joints and ligaments
-accounts for around 20% of bone mass
-includes 206 named bones
-divided into two divisions- axial and appendicular skeletons

Question 2

Bones are alive

Question 3

Bone composition

Answer 3

-made of calcium
-inside: nerves and blood vessels
-skeletal system= bones, ligaments and cartilage which both hold together the bones

Question 4

5 main functions of skeletal system (oestrous tissue?)

Answer 4

1. Support
   -more apparent by gross anatomical observations
   -provide structure
   -larger bones of lower limps act as pillars for the body trunk and the ribs anchor the thoracic wall
   -skeleton provides framework that anchors all soft organs
   -like beam framework for house
   -support for muscles
2. Movement
   -more apparent by gross anatomical observations
   -Attachment point for muscle so when muscle contracts, bones act as lever to make movement
   Ex. Bicep attach to bone allow to bend arm
   -where bones meet have joints and allow for body movement
3. Protection
   -more apparent by gross anatomical observations
   -as cover many internal organs
   -axial provides more protection
   Ex. Skull protects brain, vertebral column protecting spinal cord, ribs and sternum who covers lungs and heart, rib cage encloses the thoracic cavity and the skull, vertebrae surround soft tissue of the nervous system

4.storage
-storage for minerals and fat
-important for processes
-fat found in interior of the bones
-bone matrix serves as a reserve for various material
Ex. Bone storages calcium which important for muscle contraction and nerve impulses
-bone cut in half is red
-inside bone have soft connective tissue called bone marrow (yellow marrow which stores fat and red marrow which important for hemoatopoesis)

5. Hematopoiesis (production and maturation of all blood cell types)
   -production of blood cells
   -occurs within marrow cavities of bones
   -if bone marrow can’t make proper blood cells like in leukaemia (condition where bone marrow does not produce function white blood cells) patient need bone marrow transplant

Question 5

Major characteristics of skeletal system

Answer 5

-2 divisions: axial (skull, ribs, sternum, vertebral column) (turns on axis, axis = axial) and appendicular (rest of bones in body and make up upper and lower limb) (involves appendage =.appendicular)
-206 bones in body made from the 2 division
-when younger, have more bones but as grow bones fuse together to make one (ex. As kid hip bone made of 3 bones (ilium, ischium, pubis) but fuse over time)

Question 6

206 bones categorized into 5 types based on..

Answer 6

Shape

Flat bones, like bones of skull
-large surface area used for muscle attachment and protection of organs

Long bones, longer length than are wide
-most long bones found in appendicular Skelton
Ex. Femur

Short bones, as wide as tall
-provide stability and some movement
Ex. Bones in wrist

Sesamoid bones
-embedded in tenden
Ex. Neka

Irregular bones
-bone shape don’t fit rest of category
Ex. Vertabrae