M2s5 Articulation (joints)

Question 1

Articulations (joints)

Answer 1

*refer to image in goodnotes
-place where bone meets another bone, cartilage or teeth
-vary in stability, mobility, and are classified into categories based on three qualities
-most mobile joints are also most unstable while most stabile immobile

Question 2

Most mobile, very unstable -> most immobile, very stable

Answer 2

Glenumeral joint (shoulder), hip joint, elbow joint, intervertebral joints, suture

Question 3

Classification of joints

Answer 3

-broadly classified by structure or function
-structural classifications of joints based on type of material that unite the articulating bones
-functional classification of joints based on extent of movement they permit

In this course, learn about synovial joints. These joints in which are articulating bones are enclosed by a joint capsule with a fluid filled cavity. Examples are shoulder, knee, hip joint

Question 4

Movements made at synovial joints

Answer 4

1. Gliding - motion of bones sliding on one another (back and forth or side to side)
   Ex. Carnal bones in wrists as flat surfaces and allow for this movement
2. Angular - a motion that changes a joint angle. Motions classified as
   - flexion - decreasing the angle between the articulating bones (bending)
   - extension - increasing the angle between the articulating bones (straightening) (hyper extension when angle increased beyond anatomical position, ex, leading head backwards, occurs normally as an add on to extension or as a result of an injury or manifest in people with hyper mobile joint whos joints can move beyond average range)
   - abduction - movement away from the midline of the body (life arm up)
   - adduction- movement towards the middle line, decreasing angle in joints (move arm down)
   Circumduction - contains flexion, extension, adduction and abduction (ex. Arm makes circle)
3. Rotation - when a joint pivots around its own axis (ex. Saying no with head, roll ankle)
   - medial rotation - towards the midline (aka internal rotation) (ex. Whole arm)
   -lateral rotation - away from the midline (aka external rotation)
4. Special movements
   - Supination and pronation (no movement at elbow) - rotation of the radius over the ulna (forearm bones). Supination occurs when forearm rotates so palm faces anteriorly verse pronation which occurs when forearm rotates so the palm faces posteriorly. Can be helpful in remembering as “supination” helps you hold a bowl of soup
   - inversion and eversion - twisting motion of ankle. Inversion occurs when ankle twisted so soles of feet turn medially, verse eversion when ankle twisted so soles of feet turn laterally (stand on side of foot)
   -circumduction - continuous movement that combines flexion, abduction, extension, and adduction in succession

Question 5

Skull and pelvis are the only fixed joints in body that don’t move

Question 6

6 types of synovial joints and determine movement body can make

Question 7

6 synovial joints

Answer 7

-hinge (allow flexion and extension) ex. Elbow
-pivot (allow rotation at one axis but rotate around long axis )(pronation and supination) ex. Elbow movement
-ball and socket (allow for movement in all axis) ex. Shoulder (shorter socket so more motion but less secure) and hip
-ellipsoid (rotate on 2 axis) ex. Wrist
-saddle joint (convex and concave connectioN) ex. Thumb
-plane (2 flattish surfaces, glide and rotate) carpal hand or tassel foot

Question 8

Palmeris longus muscle

Answer 8

-people can display bilateral occurrence (occurs in both wrists), unilateral occurrence (occurs in one wrist) or bilateral a sense (occurs in neither wrist)
-muscle is superficial and inserts into connective tissue under the skin at wrist
-relates to wrist flexibility but does not play significant role
-as result, its tendon can be used as a graft for tendon surgery
Meant for module 4 section 1 lol