M2s2 Bone And Cartilage

Question 1

Basic composition of the bone

Answer 1

*refer to image on goodnotes
2 layers
Outer cortical layer: made up of compact bone, which is hard and strong
Inner cancellous layer: made up of spongy bone, which appears porous and sponge-like
-think of sandwich of spongy bone with compact bone on either side of spongy bone in middle
Blood cells are produced by bone marrow, which is found within the medullary cavity, the inner cavity of the bone

-coronal sections through proximal and distal ends of the femur

Question 2

List the 4 types of bones

Answer 2

-regardless of the type all bones are composed of an outer layer of compact bone and an inner layer of spongy bone

Flat bones
Ex. Bones of the skull

Irregular bones
Ex. Vertebra (looks like purse)

Long Bones: Elongated cylindrical shaft
Ex. Femur (dog bone)

Short Bones
Ex. Bones of the ankle and wrist

Question 3

Structure of Long Bones

Answer 3

-greater length than width
-elongated shift
-most common bone found in body
-can be as large as the femur and tibia or as small as the bones of the fingers and toes

Epiphysis
-knobby
-enlarged region at end
-form joints
-serve as attachment sites for tendons and ligaments

Metaphysis
-region between the diaphysis and epiphysis

Diaphysis
-elongated cylindrical shaft
-long tube like middle

Question 4

3 additional features of long bones

Answer 4

1. Articular cartilage
   -covers the epiphysis
   -reduces friction between joints
   -absorbs shock in movable joints
   -its type is hyaline cartilage because lines the joint surface
2. Periosteum
   -tough sheath of dense irregular connective tissue
   -covers the surface of the bone except for areas covered by articular cartilage
   -protects bone
   -contains blood vessels and nerves that supply the bone
   -has cells that are responsible for forming new bone tissue
3. Medullary cavity
   -inner cavity of the long bone
   -blood cell production occurs here

*look at good notes for photo