module 2- chapter 2- immunology

Question 2

what is nonclonal, has identical receptors on all cells of the same lineage?

Answer 2

innate immunity

Question 3

what are the two principal types of reaction of the innate immune system

Answer 3

stimulate acute inflammation and anti-viral defenses

Question 4

accumulation of leukocytes, phagocytic cells, plasma proteins, and fluid derived from blood at extravascular tissue site of infection or injury

Answer 4

stimulate acute inflammation in innate

Question 5

NK cell mediated killing of virus-infected cells.
interferon (type I) which are secreted by virus-infected cells, bind to receptors on surrounding cells and induce antiviral state in those cells

Answer 5

anti-viral defenses of innate

Question 6

what are the prominent cell associated pattern recognition receptors and sensors of innate immunity

Answer 6

toll-like receptors TLRs
NOD like receptors NLRs
RIG like receptors RLR

Question 7

where are TLR found?
NOD found?
RIG found?

Answer 7

TLR- extracellular surface and endosomal

NOD- cytosol
RIG- cytosol

Question 8

these receptors are a family of cytosolic proteins that recognize pamps and damps and recruite other proteins to form signaling complexes that promote inflammation

Answer 8

nod like receptors

Question 9

cytosolic sensors of viral RNA that respond to viral nucleic acids by inducing production of the antiviral type I interferons

Answer 9

RIG like receptors

Question 10

physical barrier to infection and aids in killing of microbes by local antibiotics or by intrapeithelial lymphocytes

Answer 10

epithelial barrier

(component of innate response)

Question 11

circulating phagocytic cells and most abundant
first cell to respond to infection

Answer 11

neutrophils

Question 12

secrete cytokines that induce inflammation and ingest/destroy microbes
survives for long time

Answer 12

macrophages (type of phagocyte)

Question 13

secretes cytokines and present antigenic peptides to t cells

Answer 13

dendritic cells
(sentinel cells)

Question 14

abundant cytoplasmic granules
present in skin and mucosal epithelium
contain vasoactive amines (histamines)
cause vasodilation and capillary permeability

Answer 14

mast cells

Question 15

lymphocyte-like cells
produce cytokines but lack t cells antigens receptors TCRs

Answer 15

innate lymphoid cells

Question 16

this induces inflammation, opsonize microbes enhancing their phagocytosis, cause osmotic lysis or microbes

Answer 16

complement

Question 17

the inflammatory response:
delivery of cells to the site of inflammation is to due reversible changes in blood vessels in the infected/damage tissue to:

Answer 17

1. increase blood flow into tissue
2. increase adhesiveness of circulating leukocytes
3. increase permeability of capillaries and venules to plasma proteins and fluids

Question 18

all the inflammatory response changes are induced by cytokines and small molecule mediator intially derived from sentinel cells in tissue, in response to stimulate

Answer 18

Pamps and Damps

Question 19

what are the sequences of events in migration of blood leukocytes to the site of infection in the innate immune response?

Answer 19

1. selectin-mediated rolling(leukocyte)
2. integrin activation by chemokine to promote adhesion
3. migration of blood leukocytes to extravascular site of infection

Question 20

these cells kill virus-infected cells
secrete interferon y which activates macrophages

Answer 20

natural killer cells

Question 21

when NK cell has inhibitory receptor engaged=

Answer 21

NK cell is not active so not killing cell

Question 22

when NK cell has inhibitory receptor not engaged=

Answer 22

NK is active and killing infected cell

Question 23

secreted by virus infected cells, induce anti-viral state in surrounding cells

Answer 23

IFN (type I interferons)
-prevent from multiplying
-make local response

Question 24

this is requirement for lymphocyte activation for the role of innate immunity in stimulating adaptive immune response

Answer 24

two-signals (to cause lymphocyte proliferation and differentation

Question 25

these microbes are combated by acute inflammatory response, in which neutrophils and monocytes are recruited to the site of infection and by complement system

Answer 25

extracellular bacteria and fungi

Question 26

these microbes can survive inside phagocytes, and eliminated when microbial killing functions of phagocytes are activated by Toll-like receptors and other sensors as well as cytokines

Answer 26

intracellular bacteria

Question 27

defense against _____ is provided by type I interferons and by nk cells

Answer 27

viruses