module 1-1

Question 1

symbionts that harm or live at expense of host

Answer 1

parasitic organisms

Question 2

microbes frequently found on or within bodies of healthy people

Answer 2

commensal organisms

Question 3

growth and multiplication of parasite on or within host

Answer 3

infection

Question 4

disease resulting from infection

Answer 4

infectious disease

Question 5

any parasitic organism that causes infectious disease

Answer 5

pathogen

Question 6

causes disease by direct interaction with host

Answer 6

primary (frank) pathogen

Question 7

causes disease by disease only under certain circumstances

Answer 7

opportunistic pathogen

Question 8

ability of parasite to cause disease

Answer 8

pathogenicity

Question 9

any component of a pathogenic microbe that is required for or that potentiates its ability to cause disease

Answer 9

virulence factor

Question 10

steps in an infectious disease:

Answer 10

1. encounter
2. entry
3. spread
4. multiplication
5. damage
6. outcome

Question 11

1. encounter

Answer 11

exogenous
endogenous
congenital

Question 12

2. entry

Answer 12

via ingress: inhalation or ingestion
or penetration: microbes pass thru directly (like blood transfusions or insect bites)

Question 13

lateral propagation vs. dissemination
anatomical factors
active participation by microbes

Answer 13

3. spread

Question 14

environmental factors (like temp)
subversion of host defenses
(cell division)

Answer 14

4. multiplication

Question 15

immune response

Answer 15

5. damage

(direct damage)

Question 16

microbe wins, host wins, or they learn to coexist

Answer 16

6. outcome

Question 17

microbes frequently found on or within the bodies of healthy persons

Answer 17

normal microbiota (commensal organisms)

Question 18

colonization by bacterial occurs rapidily after _____

Answer 18

birth

Question 19

microorganisms of the human body

Answer 19

bacteria
virus
fungi
protozoa
(helminths aka worms)

Question 20

locations in the body with largest amount of bacteria

Answer 20

skin
respiratory tract
digestive tract
urinary tract
genital system

Question 21

body locations that are sterile

Answer 21

blood
cerebrospinal fluid
synovial fluid
deep tissue

Question 22

examples where normal flora are source of the infection

Answer 22

periodonitis
pneumonia
catheter infections

Question 23

issues for microbial cells

Answer 23

nutritional fluxes
mantaining occupancy
resistance to damage

Question 24

saliva:

Answer 24

-inorganic, organic, glycoproteins and proteins
-promotes adhesion of bacteria on teeth (salivary pellicle)
-source of food
maintains pH!!!!
-inhibits growth of microbes

Question 25

factors that modulate oral microbial growth:

Answer 25

saliva
GCF
anatomical features that create areas that are difficult to clean
microbial factors
local pH
diet
redox potential
antimicrobial therapy
iatrogenic factors (scaling)