module 2- chapter 1- immunology Flashcards
acts immediately or within hours
innate immunity
not antigen specific
instead, recognizes Pathogen Associated Molecular Patterns (PAMPS) and Damage Associated Molecular Patterns (DAMP)
innate immunity
no clonal expansion of cells in response of infection
innate immunity
requires days to weeks before its effective
adaptive immunity
highly antigen specific. recognizes specific epitopes on specific proteins of specific pathogens
adaptive immunity
functional genes encoding antigen receptors are not present in germ line
adaptive immunity
in adaptive immunity, clonal selection of proliferation of B and T lymphocytes specific for particular antigens happens after what
exposure to those antigens
what cells are associated with humeral immunity:
cell-mediated immunity:
humoral: B lymphocytes
cell-mediated: t lymphocytes
this type of adaptive immunity blocks infections and eliminates extracellular microbes
humoral immunity, B lymphocytes
this type of adaptive immunity eliminates phagocytosed microbes
helper t lymphocytes
cell mediated immunity
this type of adaptive immunity kills infected cells and eliminates reservoirs of infection
cytotoxic t lymphocytes
cell-mediated immunity
ensures that distinct antigens elicit specific responses
specificity
enables immune system to respond to a large variety of antigens
diversity
increases number of antigen specific lymphocytes from a small number of naive lymphocytes
clonal expansion
leads to enhanced responses to repeated exposures to the same antigens
memory
generates responses that are optimal for defense against different types of microbes
specialization
allows immune system to respond to newly encountered antigens
contraction and homeostasis
prevents injury to the host during responses to foreign antigens
nonreactivity to self
specific recognition of antigens.
these cells are mediators
lymphocytes
b-lymphocytes: mediators of humoral immunity
t-lymphocytes: mediators of cell-mediated immunity
these cells capture of antigens for display to lymphocytes.
antigen-presenting cells:
dendritic cells
macrophages
follicular dendritic cells
(b cells)
type of antigen presenting cell that initiates t cell repsonses
dendritic cells
type of antigen-presenting that is the effector phase of cell-mediated immunity
macrophages
type of antigen presenting cell that displays antigens to b lymphocytes in humoral immune repsonses
follicular dendritic cells
cell type that eliminates antigens?
what are examples of this cell type?
effector cells
t lymphocytes, macrophages, granulocytes
type of effector cell that activates phagocytes, killing infecting cells
t lymphocytes
type of effector cell that deals with phagocytosis and killing of microbes
macrophages
type of effector cell that kills microbes
granulocytes
all lymphocytes arise from
stem cells in bone marrow
give brief explanation on the stages of maturation for b and t lymphocytes
naive cells do antigen recognition, proliferate into activated or effector lymphocyte, then differentiate, then memory lymphocyte
after lymphocytes are activated by antigens, B and T cells….
migrate towards each other and meet at the edge of the follicle (middle of t and b)
when B and T lymphocytes meet at the edge of the lymphoid follicle, there what cells interact with and help B cells differentiate into antibody producing cells
helper t cells
early innate immune defensive mechanism is to keep out microbes and if the defensive barriers are crossed, what occurs
inflammation and antiviral mechanisms
what is active immunity?
what is passive immunity?
active: microbrial agent (vaccine or infection) specific and memory
passive: serum (antibodies) from immune individual (toxin or snake bite)
specific and no memory
