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Microbiology > module 2- chapter 1- immunology > Flashcards

module 2- chapter 1- immunology Flashcards

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1
Q

acts immediately or within hours

A

innate immunity

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2
Q

not antigen specific
instead, recognizes Pathogen Associated Molecular Patterns (PAMPS) and Damage Associated Molecular Patterns (DAMP)

A

innate immunity

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3
Q

no clonal expansion of cells in response of infection

A

innate immunity

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4
Q

requires days to weeks before its effective

A

adaptive immunity

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5
Q

highly antigen specific. recognizes specific epitopes on specific proteins of specific pathogens

A

adaptive immunity

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6
Q

functional genes encoding antigen receptors are not present in germ line

A

adaptive immunity

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7
Q

in adaptive immunity, clonal selection of proliferation of B and T lymphocytes specific for particular antigens happens after what

A

exposure to those antigens

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8
Q

what cells are associated with humeral immunity:

cell-mediated immunity:

A

humoral: B lymphocytes
cell-mediated: t lymphocytes

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9
Q

this type of adaptive immunity blocks infections and eliminates extracellular microbes

A

humoral immunity, B lymphocytes

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10
Q

this type of adaptive immunity eliminates phagocytosed microbes

A

helper t lymphocytes
cell mediated immunity

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11
Q

this type of adaptive immunity kills infected cells and eliminates reservoirs of infection

A

cytotoxic t lymphocytes
cell-mediated immunity

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12
Q

ensures that distinct antigens elicit specific responses

A

specificity

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13
Q

enables immune system to respond to a large variety of antigens

A

diversity

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14
Q

increases number of antigen specific lymphocytes from a small number of naive lymphocytes

A

clonal expansion

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15
Q

leads to enhanced responses to repeated exposures to the same antigens

A

memory

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16
Q

generates responses that are optimal for defense against different types of microbes

A

specialization

17
Q

allows immune system to respond to newly encountered antigens

A

contraction and homeostasis

18
Q

prevents injury to the host during responses to foreign antigens

A

nonreactivity to self

19
Q

specific recognition of antigens.
these cells are mediators

A

lymphocytes
b-lymphocytes: mediators of humoral immunity
t-lymphocytes: mediators of cell-mediated immunity

20
Q

these cells capture of antigens for display to lymphocytes.

A

antigen-presenting cells:
dendritic cells
macrophages
follicular dendritic cells
(b cells)

21
Q

type of antigen presenting cell that initiates t cell repsonses

A

dendritic cells

22
Q

type of antigen-presenting that is the effector phase of cell-mediated immunity

A

macrophages

23
Q

type of antigen presenting cell that displays antigens to b lymphocytes in humoral immune repsonses

A

follicular dendritic cells

24
Q

cell type that eliminates antigens?
what are examples of this cell type?

A

effector cells
t lymphocytes, macrophages, granulocytes

25
Q

type of effector cell that activates phagocytes, killing infecting cells

A

t lymphocytes

26
Q

type of effector cell that deals with phagocytosis and killing of microbes

A

macrophages

27
Q

type of effector cell that kills microbes

A

granulocytes

28
Q

all lymphocytes arise from

A

stem cells in bone marrow

29
Q

give brief explanation on the stages of maturation for b and t lymphocytes

A

naive cells do antigen recognition, proliferate into activated or effector lymphocyte, then differentiate, then memory lymphocyte

30
Q

after lymphocytes are activated by antigens, B and T cells….

A

migrate towards each other and meet at the edge of the follicle (middle of t and b)

31
Q

when B and T lymphocytes meet at the edge of the lymphoid follicle, there what cells interact with and help B cells differentiate into antibody producing cells

A

helper t cells

32
Q

early innate immune defensive mechanism is to keep out microbes and if the defensive barriers are crossed, what occurs

A

inflammation and antiviral mechanisms

33
Q

what is active immunity?
what is passive immunity?

A

active: microbrial agent (vaccine or infection) specific and memory

passive: serum (antibodies) from immune individual (toxin or snake bite)
specific and no memory

Microbiology (11 decks)

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