1-2 part B

Question 1

maximize efficiency in using energy and resources to respond to change

Answer 1

mechanisms of adaptation

Question 2

the result of regulation for mechanisms of adaptation are:

Answer 2

pathways can be switched on/off or up or down

Question 3

how is control of regulation of adaptation established?

Answer 3

1. control of enzyme activity
2. control of the number of enzymes molecules

Question 4

1. control of enzyme activity
   example would be

Answer 4

allosteric regulation

Question 5

all enzymes have _______(for catalysis).
some enzymes also have _____ (for regulation)

Answer 5

active sites

allosteric sites

Question 6

allosteric sites bind _____molecules.

noncovalent, reverisble, affects activity of enzyme (positive increases and negative decreases)

Answer 6

regulatory molecules

Question 7

how do effector molecules act?

Answer 7

change affinity of enzymes for substrate and change vmax

Question 8

2. control of the number of enzyme molecules (regulation of enzyme synthesis) can be done by:
   A=
   B=

Answer 8

a= attenuation
b= control of transcription initiation

Question 9

with controlling the number of enzymes via attenuation, at the RNA level, what happens when=

no leucine present:

leucine present:

Answer 9

no leucine: transcription occurs
with luecine: no transcription

Question 10

with controlling the number of enzymes via control of transcription initiation,

via catabolic pathways, gene induction is used.

1. what occurs when there is an active repressor and the inducer is absent:
2. what occurs when there is an inactive repressor and inducer is presetn:

Answer 10

1. no transcription
2. transcription occurs

Question 11

with controlling the number of enzymes via control of transcription initiation,

via anabolic pathways, gene repression is used.

1. what occurs when repressor is active:
2. what occurs when repressor is inactive:

Answer 11

1. genes are transcribed
2. geners are no transcribed