Module 2 Chapter 10: Pain Assessment

Question 1

Pain is a __________ experience

Answer 1

subjective

Question 2

what are nociceptors?

Answer 2

specialized nerve endings designed to detect pain and transmit to the CNS

Question 3

which fibers transmit a rapid signal?

Answer 3

Alpha fibers

Question 4

which fibers transmit a slower sgnal?

Answer 4

C fibers

Question 5

What are the phases of nociception?

Answer 5

• Transduction
• Transmission
• perception
• Modulation

Question 6

• Transduction

Answer 6

– Noxious stimulus takes place in the periphery

Question 7

• Transmission

Answer 7

– Pain impulse moves from the level of the spinal cord to the brain
* When the Pain is moving*

Question 8

• Perception

Answer 8

Conscious awareness of a painful sensation

* when you are aware of the pain*

Question 9

• Modulation

Answer 9

The pain message is inhibited by neurotransmitters which produce an analgesic effec

Question 10

Neuropathic pain

Answer 10

abnormal processing of the pain message

* often percieved long after the injury has healed

Question 11

What classifies as a Nociceptive pain?

Answer 11

• Burns
• Surgery
• Cuts and scrapes
• Kidney stones
• Menstrual cramps
• Muscle strains

Question 12

What classifies as a neuropathic pain?

Answer 12

• Diabetic neuropathy
• Herpes zoster (shingles) • Sciatica
• Trigeminal neuralgia
• Phantom limb pain
• Chemotherapy

Question 13

• Visceral

Answer 13

– Originates from larger internal organs – Dull, deep, squeezing, cramping

Question 14

• Somatic

Answer 14

– Musculoskeletal tissues or body surface – Well localized and easy to pinpoint

Question 15

• Deep somatic

Answer 15

– Blood vessels, joints, tendons, muscles, bones – Aching, throbbing

Question 16

• Cutaneous

Answer 16

– Skin and subcutaneous tissues

Question 17

• Referred

Answer 17

– Pain felt in a particular site but originating in a different site

Question 18

acute pain

Answer 18

• Short term and self- limiting
• Follows a predictable trajectory
• Dissipates after injury heals
• Self-protective purpose

Question 19

Chronic pain

Answer 19

• Duration > 6 months
• Does not stop when the
injury heals
• Originates from abnormal processing of pain fibers

Question 20

pain rating scale

Answer 20

from 0-10

Question 21

what are the different pain rating scales ?

Answer 21

• Numeric rating scales
• Verbal descriptor scales
• Visual analog scales

Question 22

what are some initial pain assessment questions?

Answer 22

• Where is your pain?
• When did your pain start?
• What does your pain feel like?
– Burning, stabbing, aching
– Throbbing, fire like, squeezing
– Cramping, sharp, itching, tingling – Shooting, crushing, sharp, dull
• How much pain do you have now?
• What makes your pain better or worse? How does pain limit your function or activities?

Question 23

pain assessment in infants

Answer 23

– Incapable of self-report
– Must rely on non-verbal cues (crying, changes in facial expressions and body activity)
–CRIES

Question 24

what scale is used for pain assessments in infants ?

Answer 24

FLACC scale

Question 25

At age 2, most children can report pain and point to where it is. ______ can be introduced at 4-5 years

Answer 25

Rating scales

Question 26

what other scales are introduced around age 4-5?

Answer 26

– Faces Pain Scale-Revised (FPS-R]) ]

• Oucher Scale

Question 27

what is FLACC?

Answer 27

Nonverbal assessment tool for infants and children < 2

Question 28

physical findings may______ always support patient’s pain complaints, particularly for chronic pain syndromes

Answer 28

NOT

Question 29

what are some acute pain behaviors?

Answer 29

• guarding
• grimacing
• vocalizing
• agitation
• change in vital signs
• diaphoresis

Question 30

what are chronic pain behaviors?

Answer 30

• bracing
• rubbing
• diminished activity
• sighing
• change in appetite
• increased sleeping