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Health Assessment > Cardiac > Flashcards

Cardiac Flashcards

1
Q

What organs are located in the RUQ?

A
  • Liver - Gallbladder (murphys sign) - arge and small bowel
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2
Q

What organs are located in the LUQ?

A
  • Spleen - Stomach -Large and small bowel -pancreas - aorta
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3
Q

What organs are located in the RLQ?

A
  • Appendix - Bladder - Right ovary and tube - Large and small bowel
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4
Q

What organs are located in the LLQ?

A
  • Sigmoid colon - Left ovary and tube - Large and small bowel
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5
Q

what organs are midline?

A
  • renal arteries - umbilicaln region - Hypogastric - aorta - Uterus - Bladder
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6
Q

what is the assessment order for the abdomen?

A
  • Inspect - Auscultate - Percuss - Palpate
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7
Q

Peritoneum-

A

lines and protects the abdomen cavity

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8
Q

subjective questions about what topics?

A

Appetite Dysphagia Food intolerance Nausea Vomiting Abdominal pain Bowel habits Past abdominal history Medications Nutritional assessment

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9
Q

Appetite

A

Any change in appetite? Loss of appetite? Change in weight? How much lost or gained? Weight loss intentional or unintentional?

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10
Q

Dysphagia

A

Are they having any difficulty Swallowing ?

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11
Q

Food intolerance

A

Any foods the patient can’t eat? What happens? - Allergic reaction? - Heartburn? - Belching? - Bloating? - Indigestion? Use of antacids? How often?

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12
Q

Nausea/Vomiting

A

Any nausea? Vomiting? How often? How much? Color? Bloody? Coffee grounds? Associated with colicky pain, diarrhea, fever, chills? What foods have been eaten in past 24 hours? Where? Any recent travel? Drink local water or eat fruit? Swimming in public beach/pool?

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13
Q

Abdominal Pain

A

Any abdominal pain? Point to it. In one spot, or moves around? How did it start? How long? Constant or intermittent? Describe pain: cramping, burning, dull, stabbing, aching? Relieved with food or worse after eating? Associated with menses, stress, dietary indiscretion, fatigue, N/V, gas, fever, rectal bleeding,

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14
Q

Bowel Habits

A

How often are BMs? Color? Consistency? Diarrhea? Constipation? Any recent change in bowel movements? Use laxatives? How often?

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15
Q

Past Medical History

A

Ulcers? GB disease? Hepatitis or cirrhosis of liver? Abdominal surgeries? Colorectal or related cancers? Abdominal xray or CT scans?

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16
Q

Family History

A

Colorectal cancer and familial colorectal cancer syndromes Gallbladder disease Kidney disease Malabsorption syndrome

17
Q

when you inspect the abdommen, what are you looking for?

A
  • Contour - scaphoid - flat - obese - protuberant (bulgin - lesions?
18
Q

where should you start auscultating

A

Right Lower Quadrant

19
Q

what are you auscultaating for ?

A

Bowel sounds, use the bell of the stethescope and listen for buits in the aorta and renal arteries (Patients with HTN and >50)

21
Q

what are the differences between hyperactive and hypoactive bowl sounds?

A

Hyperactive

  • Loud, high-pitched
  • tinckling sound
  • diarrhea
  • laxative use ans subsiding paralytic ileus
  • early mechaanical bowl obstruction gastroenteritis

Hypoactive

  • Diminished or absent

sign of decreased mobility following abdominal surgery or with inflammation to the peritoneum

  • ​peritonitis
  • paralytic ileus following surgery
  • Late bowel obstruction
24
Q

Cholecystitis

A

(Inflammation of the gallbladder)

Signs and Symptoms

Enlarged, tender gallbladder

Check for Murphy’s sign

RUQ pain

25
Q

Appendicitis

A

(Inflammation of the appendix)

Signs ans Symptoms

Iliopsoas muscle test

RLQ pain

26
Q

Ascites

A

Free fluid in the peritoneal cavity (cirrhosis, right-sided CHF)

May have RUQ pain

Fluid wave

Shifting dullness

27
Q

Enlarged, smooth, non-tender liver (hepatomegaly)

A

Fatty infiltration

Portal obstruction

Lymphocytic leukemia

May have RUQ pain

28
Q

Enlarged, nodular liver

A

Late portal cirrhosis

Metastatic cancer

Tertiary syphilis

May have RUQ pain

29
Q

Diastasis Recti (rectus diastasis)

A

Midline longitudinal ridge resulting form separation of the abdominal rectus muscle

Ridge is revealed by raising head when supine

30
Q

Widened aorta

A

Abdominal aortic aneurysm (>5cm)

(Most located below the renal arteries)

Pulsatile mass in upper abdomen (left of midline)

Diminished or absent femoral pulses

Listen for bruit over the aorta

Lower back pain

31
Q

CVA tenderness

A

Indirect fist percussion over the 12th rib at the costovertebral angle (CVA)

Sharp pain occurs with inflammation of the kidney:

Kidney stones

Kidney infection (pyelonephritis)

32
Q

Hernia

A

Umbilical

Incisional

Epigastric

Bulging/protrusion

Accentuated by an increase in intra-abdominal pressure (crying, coughing, vomiting, straining)

33
Q

Distended bladder

A

Palpate and percuss in the midline above the suprapubic bone

34
Q

Pyelonephritis/Kidney stones

A

Infection of the kidney

Flank pain, fever, chills, pain radiating down the groin

CVA tenderness

35
Q

GI Bleeding

A

Upper GI (esophagus, stomach)

Lower GI (colon polyp or cancer, hemorrhoids

Hematemesis, tarry stools (melena)

Red blood in stool

36
Q

GI Bleeding

A

Upper GI (esophagus, stomach)

Lower GI (colon polyp or cancer, hemorrhoids

Hematemesis, tarry stools (melena)

Red blood in stool

Health Assessment (21 decks)

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