Module 13 Respiratory Flashcards
Only muscle not innervated by RLN. What nerve innervates
Cricothyroid innervated by external branch of SLN
Formula for conversion of CO2 to HCO3
CO2 + H2O H2CO3 HCO3 + H
Central chemoreceptors are stimulated bu
Increased H
Peripheral chemoreceptors are stimulated by
Decreased PaO2, increased H, and increased PaCO2
Normally what drives ventilation
CO2
Intrapleural pressure is always __________ during normal tidal breathing
Negative
Becomes positive during forced exhalation or Valsalva
Intrapulmonary pressure is (+/-)
Negative during inspiration and positive during exhalation
FEV1/FVC <0.8 means
Obstructive disease
What is normal anatomic dead space in adult
2 ml/kg
When is intrapulmonary pressure 0
At end expiration and end inhalation
Residual volume is what percent of TLC
20-25%
Alveolar ventilation formula
(TV- deadspace) X ventilation rate
What is the normal PAO2-PaO2 gradient
5-15mmHg
The flat portion of the oxyhemoglobin curve signifies
Loading of O2 by blood
The steep portion of the oxyhemoglobin curve signifies what
Facilitates unloading of O2 at tissues
Which effect describes the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve shift caused by CO2 entering or leaving the blood
Bohr effect
Quantity of O2 delivered to and used by the tissues each minute
250 ml/min O2
CO2 is produced and eliminated at what rate
200 ml/min
What effect describes how changes in Pa02 alter the amount of CO2 carried by the blood
Haldane
Where do opioids cause depression of respiration
Direct stimulation through mu-2 receptor stimulation at brainstem respiratory center
What 2 factors increase the risk of aspiration pneumonitis
Intragastric volume >25ml
Intragastric pH <2.5
Normal values for FEV1 and FVC
FEV1- 4 L
FVC- 5 L
DLT how much air in tracheal cuff?
Bronchial cuff?
Tracheal 5-10ml
Bronchial 1-2ml
