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Board Prep > Module 01- Cell Phys, Math, Chem, Physics > Flashcards

Module 01- Cell Phys, Math, Chem, Physics Flashcards

1
Q

During aerobic metabolism how many moles of glucose used? How many moles of ATP formed?

A

2 glucose

38 ATP

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2
Q

Where is glycogen stored? How long will supply last during starvation?

A

Stored in skeletal muscles(400g) and liver (100g)

Supply will provide 24 hours of glucose during starvation

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3
Q

What is the degredation and oxidation of fatty acids called? Where does it occur?

A

Beta-oxidation

Occurs in mitochondria of cells (primarily in the liver)

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4
Q

What are the fat soluble vitamins

A

A
D
E
K

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5
Q

What are the water soluble vitamins

A

B complex (thiamine)

Vitamin C (ascorbic acid)

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6
Q

5 components fo signal transduction

A 
1st messenger
G protein
Effector
2nd messenger
Cellular response
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7
Q

5 examples of second messengers

A 
cAMP
cGMP
Calcium
Calmodulin
IP3
DAG
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8
Q

Enzyme that converts ATP to cAMP

A

Adenylate Cyclase

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9
Q

Na+-K+ ATPase pump
___out
___in

A

3 Na+ out

2 K+ in

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10
Q

Examples of ion channel receptors

A

5HT3 receptors

GABA receptors

Glutamate receptors

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11
Q

What ion channel governs RMP of most excitable tissues?

A

“Leaky” potassium channel

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12
Q

% concentration means

A

Grams/100ml

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13
Q

V1P1=V2P2

Pressure is inversely proportional to volume at a constant temperature

A

Boyles Law

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14
Q

V1/T1 = V2/T2

Volume is directly proportional to temperature at a constant pressure

A

Charles Law

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15
Q

P1/T1 = P2/T2

Pressure is directly proportional to temperature at a constant volume

A

Gay- Lussac’s Law

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16
Q

Allows you to calculate how long cylinder will last a given flow rate

Squeezing ambu bag

Explains release into atmosphere of large amount of gas from compressed cylinder

A

Boyles law

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17
Q

Inflatable cuff of LMA or ETT

Spirometry

Heat loss by convection

A

Charles law

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18
Q

Temperature of cylinder increases the pressure increases

Wood’s metal blows with temperature increases significantly

A

Gay-Lussac’s

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19
Q

Law permitting calculation of O2 dissolved in blood and CO2 dissolved in blood

A

Henry’s law

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20
Q

amount of O2 dissolved in blood is PaO2 X

Amount of CO2 is PaCO2 X

A

PaO2 X 0.003

PaCO2 X 0.067

21
Q

Law explaining concentration effect, second gas effect, diffusional hypoxia, and expansion of gas in spaces

A

Fick’s law of diffusion

22
Q

Law explaining the larger the gas molecule the slower it diffuses across a membrane

Also part of second gas effect and diffusion hypoxia

A

Grahams law

23
Q

Oxygen content formula

A

CaO2 = (Hgb X 1.34 X SaO2) + (PaO2 X 0.003)

24
Q

FEV1/FVC ratio

Normal value

Decreased in what disorder

A

Normal 0.7-0.8

Decreased in obstructive diseases

25
Q

Normal FRC

A

2.2-3 L

26
Q

Calculating osmolality

Normal value

A

(2X Na) + Glucose + Urea

Normal 300 mOsm/L

27
Q

Number showing how much gas will dissolve in a liquid at specified temperature

A

Ostwald

28
Q

Described behavior of non-ideal gases

A

Van der Waal

29
Q

What effect does hypothermia have on gas solubility

A

As liquid is cooled, more dissolves in liquid. Hypothermia causes increase in gas solubility

30
Q

Minimum safe distance from XRay source

A

6 feet

31
Q

Annual dose limit for occupational exposure to radiation

A

5 rem

32
Q

Vapor pressure sevoflurane

A

170mmHg

33
Q

Vapor pressure isoflurane

A

240 mmHg

34
Q

Vapor pressure of Desflurane

A

669 mmHg

35
Q

How many micro amps are required to cause micro shock induced V-fib

A

50 microamps

36
Q

How many milliamps required to cause macro shock induced Vfib

A

100-2500 milliamps

37
Q

What is grounded in the OR

A

Power supply

Patient

Floor

38
Q

What laser can cause corneal injury and potential vision loss

A

CO2 laser

39
Q

Anaphylactic or immediate type hypersensitivity reactions are

A

Type I reactions

40
Q

Cytotoxic reactions (antibody mediated cytotoxicity) are what type of reaction

A

Type II reactions

41
Q

Immune complex reactions that produce tissue damage are what type

A

Type III

42
Q

Delayed hypersensitivity reactions are

A

Type IV reactions

43
Q

Type I reactions include

A

Allergen interacts with specific IgE antibody triggering HISTAMINE release

Ex anaphylaxis

44
Q

Type II reaction

A

Hypersensitivity
Mediated by IgM and IgG

ABO incompatibility, HIT, myasthenia Travis

45
Q

Type III reaction include

A

Circulating antigen and antibodies bind to form insoluble complexes that deposit in micro vasculature

Lupus
RA
Glomerulonephritis

46
Q

Type IV reaction involves

A

Delayed hypersensitivity

Graft vs host, TB immunity, Steven Johnson

47
Q

Non-immune mediated anaphylaxis aka

A

Anaphylactoid reaction

Antigen directly stimulates mast cells and basophils (no IgE trigger)

48
Q

Top 3 antibiotics to be involved in anaphylactic reactions during anesthesia

A

PCN

Cephalosporin

Vancomycin

Board Prep (19 decks)

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