Module 11: Relationships and Human Sexuality Flashcards
What is the key to developing healthy relationships
communication
What makes up healthy verbal communication (3)
- Desire to know
- Decision to tell
- Includes talking and listening
Fill in the blank: Non verbal communication makes up ___ of communication?
67%
What makes up healthy non-verbal communication (4)
- Touch, eye contact, facial expression, proximity
What are the keys to communication (3)?
self disclosure, listening and feedback
Define: self-perception
Self-perception: can influence interactions with others; lack of self-esteem can impact relationships
Define: friendship
Friendship: enhanced feelings of warmth, trust, respect; honesty, acceptance, empathy and loyalty
Define: dating
Dating: Spending time together, practicing communication skills, seeing if romantic feelings develop; testing compatibility
Define: romantic attraction
Romantic attraction: What is attractive? (warmth and kindness? physical attributes? financial stability?)
Define: intimacy
Intimacy: open trust, sharing of close confidential thoughts and feelings; not always (but often) sexual
Explain the Triangle Theory of Love and who came up with it
- Robert Sternberg
- 3 sides of love: commitment, passion, intimacy
- Different types of love can form if 2 of the 3 sides of the triangle are present.
- Passion and commitment: fatuous love
- Intimacy and passion: romantic love
- Intimacy and commitment: compassionate love
- All 3: mature love/consummate love
What are some crucial ingredients for commitment
- Love, sex, and intimacy
- Mutual trust, caring; respect, affection, loyalty
- Willingness to tolerate flaws
- Effective communication
- Willingness to change in response to each other
- Sharing of duties and responsibilities (egalitarian roles)
- Balance of individual and joint interests/activities
- Shared morals and values
What are some examples of committed relationships (3)?
partnerships, cohabitation, marriage
What are the theories (2) and possible reasons (4) why married people are healthier and live longer.
- Selection theory: healthy people are more attractive, more likely to get married
- Protection theory: married people look after each other, support each other
- Possible reasons why: genetic selection, support of a partner, positive effect of raising children, better lifestyle values
Warning signs of an unhealthy relationship
- Physical, emotional or sexual abuse
- Codependency: relying on your partner for approval and where they are enabling your bad behaviour
- Criticism, contempt, defensiveness, withdrawal
- Attempting to control various aspects of your life
- Frequently humiliating you
- Wanting to know where you are at all times
- Becoming jealous or angry
- Threatening harm
- Trying to coerce you
When did marriage and divorce rates increase and decrease
- increase in marriages during WW2
- Drop in marriage rate during the great depression and from 1970s forwards
- Divorce act (1968) and amendment (1985)
When was same sex marriage legalized?
2004
What % of same sex couples are:
- married
- married and male
- live in Canada’s 3 largest cities
- married and have children
- common law and have children
- ~16.5% of couples are married
- ~54% of married couples are male
- Half of all same sex couples live in Canada’s 3 largest cities
- 16% of married couples have children
- 7% of common law couples have children
define: sex
Sex: Biological categorization based on physical features (e.g., chromosomes, hormones, genitalia); most individuals are either XX (female) or XY (male)
define: gender
Gender: Includes roles and identity. Social categorization based on psychological characteristics and roles that society assigns to the biological sexes; more “fluid” than sex; may or may not agree with biological categorization
define: sexual orientation
Sexual Orientation: An individual’s emotional and erotic orientation toward people of the same sex or another sex.
define: Alfred Kinsey Scale
Alfred Kinsey Scale: sexual orientation is a spectrum
exclusively heterosexual ← → exclusively homosexual
What institute did Alfred Kinsey find and where?
Alfred Kinsey founded the institute for sex research at the Indiana University in 1947
function: egg (ovum)
Egg (ovum): unites with sperm (fertilization)
function: ovaries (2)
- production of eggs; released during ovulation
- production estrogen and progesterone
function: uterine tube
site of fertilization
function: uterus
region where fetus develops
function: vagina
canal for childbirth; penis
function: vulva (2)
- Outer female genitalia
- Erogenous zone
What does the vulva consist of
mons pubis
labia
clitoris
function: mons pubis
pubic region covered by hair
function: labia (minor/major)
inner and outer folds of skin that cover the vagina
function: clitoris
pleasure centre
function: testes
produces sperm and testosterone
function: scrotum
encloses and protects testes
function: epididymis
stores sperm
function: vas deferens
connects the epididymis with the urethra
function: urethra
transports both semen and urine through the penis and out of the body
Fill in the blank: the penis has two types of _______.
- erectile tissue
How does an erection occur?
erection occurs when spaces in erectile tissue fill with blood
What is the name for the end of the penis
glans
What is the frenulum
Posterior indentation called the frenulum is the most sensitive part of the penis
function: scrotum
Contains sperm producing testes
What temperature is optimal for sperm production
34degC
What is the average penis length
5-6 inches erect
What is the average length of an aroused vagina
4.25-4.75 inches
Fill in the blank: ___ into a vagina has the most nerve endings
1/5
Fill in the blank: ___ or more of women are satisfied with their partner’s size
___ of men are satisfied with their size
80%; 55%
List 2 renowned sex researchers
William Masters & Virginia Johnson
What are the 4 stages of human sexual response
- Excitement phase
- Plateau phase
- Orgasmic phase
- Resolution phase
Define: refractory period
period after a male orgasm where another ogasm cannot be achieved
What stage of the human sexual response do women experience longer than men
resolution
Name for oral sex for female and male
Cunnilingus (female)
Fellatio (male)
What sex variation has the highest transmission of HIV, gonorrhea, and syphilis
anal intercourse
What are the physiological risk factors behind erectile dysfunction
- high BP, high cholesterol, diabetes, alcohol, smoking, obesity, nerve damage
What are the psychological risk factors behind erectile dysfunction
- performance anxiety, stress, mental disorder
What are the treatments for erectile dysfunction
- physiological treatment: Viagra/ Cialis, constriction rings
- psychological treatment: therapy
What are the 2 male performance concerns
- erectile dysfunction
- premature ejactulation
What are the treatments for premature ejaculation?
- practicing control/endurance; non-sexual thoughts; swapping foreplay and sex throughout; desensitizing cream
How can female sexual dysfunction occur
Can be physiological, psychological, hormonal, psychosocial
What defines female sexual dysfunction
Persistent and recurring issues with arousal, desire, sexual response, pain, and/or achieving orgasm.
