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NUTR 202 > Module 11: Dietary Supplements > Flashcards

Module 11: Dietary Supplements Flashcards

1
Q

what was included in dietary supplements prior to 1990

A
  • vitamins
  • minerals
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2
Q

what was added to the definition of dietary supplements after 1990

A
  • herbs
  • botanicals
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3
Q

describe the dietary supplement health and education act

A
  • expanded the formal definition of dietary supplement
  • modified FDA’s role in regulating dietary supplements
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4
Q

how does the FDA regulate dietary supplements

A
  • tracks any adverse events that are reported after supplement is on the market (post-market surveillance)
  • may prohibit sale
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5
Q

who is responsible for ensuring that a dietary supplement is safe before it goes to the markey

A

the manufacturer of the supplement

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6
Q

what organization monitors the accuracy of advertising and labeling of supplements

A

federal trade commission

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7
Q

what federal agency regulates supplement product quality

A

none

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8
Q

what percent of the US population have taken at least one dietary supplement in the previous month

A

50%

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9
Q

what are the most common types of dietary supplements

A

vitamins and minerals

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10
Q

in which populations is supplement use most prevalent

A
  • women
  • adults over 60
  • caucasians
  • those with higher education level
  • athletes
  • college students
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11
Q

what are potential downsides to taking a supplement

A
  • quality may be poor because no federal agency monitors it
  • efficacy and safety not guaranteed
  • harmful interactions with some drugs (lessen or enhance effects)
  • possibility of contamination
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12
Q

what organizations provide seals of approval for dietary supplement quality

A
  • US pharmacopeia
  • consumerlab.com
  • NSF international
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13
Q

what are potential benefits of omega-3 fatty acids and fish oil supplements

A
  • cellular repair
  • brain function
  • encourage use of fat as a fuel source (beta oxidation)
  • inhibit inflammatory process
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14
Q

why do many people take omega 3 supplements

A
  • can be difficult to get recommended amount in diet
  • require 2 servings of cold-water fish a day which can be hard to get
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15
Q

what are potential benefits of glucosamine chondroitin supplements

A
  • improves joint health
  • is a precursor to the formation of cartilage
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16
Q

what is a structural element of cartilage that can be taken as a supplement

A

chondroitin in glucosamine chondroitin supplements

17
Q

where is glucosamine chondroitin denatured

A
  • stomach
  • denatured amino acids
18
Q

what are the 3 types of branched chain amino acids (BCAAs)

A
  • valine
  • leucine
  • isoleucine
19
Q

why are branched chain amino acids beneficial

A

they are a significant component of skeletal muscle

20
Q

describe the effects of whey protein

A

is fast digesting causing a spike in amino acids in the blood

21
Q

what percent of protein in milk is whey protein and what is the other percent made of

A
  • 20% whey protein
  • 80% casein protein
22
Q

describe casein protein

A
  • 80% of protein in milk
  • slower digestion
  • can be popular before bed supplement due to slow and steady effects
23
Q

why might someone take arginine and glutamine supplements

A

after severe physical trauma such as burns or broken limbs

24
Q

describe the effects of arginine

A

precursor to NO which is a vasodilator

25
Q

what is the half life of NO

A

about 2 seconds

26
Q

what are two supplements used for performance

A
  • creatine
  • caffeine
27
Q

what are the benefits of cranberry as a supplement

A
  • precents/addresses UTIs
  • becomes more acidic than it already is and kills bacteria
28
Q

what are the benefits of garlic as a supplement

A
  • reduces inflammation
  • vasodilator
29
Q

when does nutrient timing matter

A

when trying to build muscle

30
Q

describe the idea of the anabolic window

A
  • occurs for 1 hour after workouts
  • muscles are primed for up-taking nutrients to build muscle
  • skeletal muscle becomes insulin resistant after an hour of working out
31
Q

what hormones are released during exercise than break down tissue

A
  • cortisol
  • glucagon
  • epinephrine
  • glucocorticoid
32
Q

what hormone can stop the activity of cortisol

A

insulin

NUTR 202 (14 decks)

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