Module 10 Flashcards
Which tissue types are most likely to develop cancers?
Tissues that are capable of self renewal, such as blood cells and epithelial cells
What is a quick way to distinguish between a benign and malignant tumor?
Benign tumors are usually surrounded by connective tissue while malignant are not
What do oncogenes do?
Promote cell division
What do tumor suppressor genes do?
Inhibit cell growth
What is angiogenesis?
When rumors grow and recruit blood vessels to deliver oxygen and nutrients
What is a metastasis?
When part of a malignant tumor breaks off and travels elsewhere through the blood or lymph
What are the three major classes of carcinogens?
Radiation
Chemical agents
Infectious microorganisms
How does the immune system respond to cancer?
With immunosurveillance techniques
How is the immune system’s reaction to cancer similar to that of a viral infection?
Through the use of CTLs and NK cells
What are the two major categories of tumor antigens?
Tumor specific antigens
Tumor associated antigens
What are some characteristics of tumor specific antigens?
They are unique to cancer cells
Viral antigens
Mutated self antigens
What are some characteristics of tumor associated antigens?
Expressed on other healthy tissues
Loss of tolerance required for recognition
What are some mechanisms used by cancerous tumors to avoid detection?
Tolerance Down modulation NK cell inhibition Immune response inhibition Tumor load
What are the four categories of cancer immunotherapies?
Cytokine based
Cancer vaccines
Antibody based
Engineered T cells
How are cytokines used in cancer therapy?
Immunostimulatory and enhancing hematopoiesis
