(Module 1) History of Pharmacognosy

Question 1

means “a drug”

Answer 1

pharmakon

Question 2

means “to acquire a knowledge of”

Answer 2

gignosco

Question 3

first coined the term pharmacognosy in 1811

Answer 3

Johann Adam Schmidt in Lehrbuch der Materia Medica

Question 4

coined the term again in 1815

Answer 4

Aenotheus Seydler in Analecta Pharmacognostica

Question 5

used in the early period as a strong purgative and antibiotic against mycobacteria and toxic

Answer 5

birch polypore

Question 6

emperor who sought out and investigated the medicinal value of several hundred herbs

Answer 6

Shen Nung (2700 B.C)

Question 7

recording of 365 drugs

Answer 7

Pen T-Sao or Native Herbal

Question 8

medicinal plants that Shen Nung was able to study that still show significance to this day

Answer 8

podophyllum (warts), rhubarb (laxative), ginseng (found in drinks), stramonium (anticholinergic), cinnamon bark (carminative), and ephedra (asthma)

Question 9

most important clinical manual of traditional Chinese medicine

Answer 9

Shang Hang Lun (Treatise on Colds and Fevers)

Question 10

wrote Treatise on Colds and Fevers

Answer 10

Chang Chung-Ching

Question 11

japanese-chinese herbalism

Answer 11

kampo

Question 12

the great pharmacopoeia

Answer 12

Pen T-sao Kan Mu (The Great Herbal) or Ben Cao Gang Mu

Question 13

wrote the great herbal

Answer 13

Li Shizhen

Question 14

Pen T-sao Kan Mu statistics

Answer 14

1892 drugs
376 described for the first time
1160 drawings
11000 prescriptions

Question 15

found in a tomb in 1500 BCE covering all sorts of illnesses and treatments, a collection of 800 prescriptions and mentioning 700 drugs

Answer 15

Ebers Papyrus

Question 16

found in 1600 BC and contains surgical instructions and formulas for cosmetics

Answer 16

Edwin Smith Papyrus

Question 17

found in 1900 BC and deals with the health of women and birthing instructions

Answer 17

Kahun Medical Papyrus (oldest)

Question 18

focuses on recipes for pharmaceutical preparations

Answer 18

Berlin Papyrus

Question 19

father of medicine

Answer 19

Hippocrates

Question 20

collection of works on medical practice that was written by Hippocrates

Answer 20

Corpus Hippocraticum

Question 21

used by Hippocrates in healing

Answer 21

vinegar, honey, herbs, and hydrotherapy

Question 22

5 volume book which described more than 600 medicinal plants with their collection, storage, and uses

Answer 22

De Meteria Medica

Question 23

methods of preparations of plant and animal drugs

Answer 23

galenicals

Question 23

wrote De Materia Medica

Answer 23

Pedanius Dioscorides

Question 23

summarized the complex body of Graeco-Roman pharmacy and medicine

Answer 23

Claudius Galen

Question 24

one of the most ancient of all recorded of ancient (Hindu) medicinal traditions

Answer 24

Ayurveda

Question 25

indonesian traditional medicine

Answer 25

jamu

Question 26

isolated by Nagayoshi Nagai

Answer 26

Ephedrine from Ephedra spp

Question 27

five volume book remained the most influential work in the field of medicine and pharmacy for more than 500 years

Answer 27

Canon of Medicine

Question 28

wrote Canon of Medicine

Answer 28

Ibn Sna or Avicenna

Question 29

introduced minerals into medical practive and called for the extraction of active principle from animals, plants, or minerals

Answer 29

Theophrastus Bombastus of Hohenheim

Question 30

one of the most well known english apothecaries of the 17th centure

Answer 30

Culpeper’s herbal (Nicholas Culpeper)