(Module 1) Evaluation of Crude Drugs

Question 1

ensures the identity of a drug and determines the quality and purity of drugs

Answer 1

evaluation of a drug

Question 2

methods:

Answer 2

organoleptic
microscopic
physical
chemical
biological

Question 3

means the study of drugs using the organs of senses

Answer 3

organoleptic evaluation

Question 4

initial identification of herbs and identifying small fragments of crude or powdered herbs

detection of adulterants

Answer 4

microscopical evaluation

Question 5

chemical evaluation

Answer 5

qualitative chemical tests
quantitative chemical tests
chemical assays
instrumental analysis

Question 6

chemical methods of evaluation

Answer 6

isolation
purification
identification of APIS

Question 7

identification tests for various phytoconstituents like alkaloids, glycosides, tannins, etc

Answer 7

qualitative chemical tests

Question 8

acid value
saponification
ester value
acetyl value

Answer 8

quantitative chemical tests

Question 9

assays for alkaloid, resin, volatile oil, glycoside, vitamins, or other constituents

Answer 9

chemical assays

Question 10

used to analyze the chemical groups of phytoconstituents using chromatographic and spectroscopic methods

Answer 10

instrumental analyses

Question 11

paper chromatography, etc.

Answer 11

chromatographic methods

Question 12

ultraviolet and visible spectroscopy, etc.

Answer 12

spectroscopic methods

Question 13

specific behaviors towards solvents

Answer 13

solubility

Question 14

substances that can rotate the orientation of plane-polarized light. such substances are said to be optically active

Answer 14

optical rotation

Question 15

property of a material that changes the speed of light

Answer 15

refractive index

Question 16

relative density

Answer 16

specific gravity

Question 17

plant or extract can then be evaluated by carious biological methods to determine pharmacological activity

Answer 17

biological evaluation