(Module 1) Ethnobotany

Question 1

the relationship of plants and humanity in all its complexity

Answer 1

ethnobotany

Question 2

who first coined ethnobotany

Answer 2

William Harshberger

Question 3

used for cardiac arrhythmia and atrial fibrillation

Answer 3

Foxglove

Question 4

SN of Foxglove

Answer 4

Digitalis spp.

Question 5

AC of Foxglove

Answer 5

Digitalis glycosides (digoxin)

Question 6

family of Foxglove

Answer 6

Solanaceae

Question 7

used for travel sickness, preoperative medication. is anti selective and is not used as much anymore

Answer 7

Thorn-apple / Devil’s Trumpet

Question 8

SN of Thorn-apple/Devil’s Trumpet

Answer 8

Datura metel / Datura stramonium

Question 9

AC of Thorn-apple

Answer 9

Scopolamine (hyoscine)

Question 10

direct precursor in the plant biosynthesis of hyoscine

Answer 10

hyoscyamine

Question 11

racemic mixture of hyoscyamine (- +)

Answer 11

Atropine

Question 12

used to treat coronary insufficiency and enema

Answer 12

Sea onion / Swuill

Question 13

SN of Sea onion

Answer 13

Drimia maritima

Question 14

AC of Sea onion

Answer 14

C-steroidal cardiac glycosides

Question 15

when are the bulbs of sea onion collected?

Answer 15

in August

Question 16

used as a decongestant and bronchodilator - herbal ecstasy

Answer 16

Ephedra

Question 17

SN of Ephedra

Answer 17

Ephedra sinica

Question 18

AC of Ephedra

Answer 18

Ephedrine and Pseudoephedrine

Question 19

used for pain and inflammation

Answer 19

Meadowsweet

Question 20

SN of Meadowsweet

Answer 20

Filipendula ulmaria

Question 21

AC of Meadowsweet

Answer 21

salicylic acid, Acetylsalicylic acid (ASA)

Question 22

used as a purgative

Answer 22

Cascara sagrada

Question 23

SN of Cascara sagrada

Answer 23

Frangula purshiana syn: Rhamnus purshiana

Question 24

AC of Cadscara Sagrada

Answer 24

anthraquinones

Question 25

used for dementia, including Alzheimer’s disease

Answer 25

Snowdrop

Question 26

SN of Snowdrop

Answer 26

Galanthus nivalis

Question 27

AC of Snowdrop

Answer 27

galanthamine

Question 28

used for dementia, cerebral deficiencies, and cerebral circulatory problems

Answer 28

Ginkgo

Question 29

SN of Gingko

Answer 29

Ginkgo biloba

Question 30

AC of Ginkgo

Answer 30

Ginkgolides

Question 31

used for pain, especially rheumatism

Answer 31

Devil’s claw

Question 32

SN of Devil’s claw

Answer 32

Harpagophytum procumbens

Question 33

AC of Devil’s claw

Answer 33

harpagoquinone

Question 34

used as an anticholinergic

Answer 34

Henbane

Question 35

SN of Henbane

Answer 35

Hyoscyamus niger

Question 36

AC of Henbane

Answer 36

hyoscyamine

Question 37

used for mild forms of depression, topical for inflammatory conditions (oil)

Answer 37

St. John’s Wort

Question 38

SN of St. John’s Wort

Answer 38

Hypericum perforatum

Question 39

AC of St. John’s Wort

Answer 39

hyperforin, lavonoids, hypericin

Question 40

used as an anxiolytic, mild stimulant

Answer 40

Kava-kava

Question 41

SN of Kava-kava

Answer 41

Macropiper methysticum syn: Piper methysticum

Question 42

AC of Kava-kava

Answer 42

Kava pyrones

Question 43

used for Pain (P), cough (C), antispasmodic (S)

Answer 43

Opium (poppy)

Question 44

SN of opium poppy

Answer 44

Papaver somniferum

Question 45

AC of Poppy

Answer 45

Morphine (P), Codeine (C), and Papaverine (S)

Question 46

used for glaucoma

Answer 46

Calabar bean

Question 47

SN of Calabar bean

Answer 47

Physostigma venenosum

Question 48

AC of Calabar bean

Answer 48

physostigmine

Question 49

used as a parasympathomimetic, glaucoma, and Alzheimer’s disease

Answer 49

Jaborandi

Question 50

SN of Jaborandi

Answer 50

Pilocarpus jaborandi

Question 51

AC of Jaborandi

Answer 51

pilocarpine

Question 52

used for cancer chemotherapy, warts (caustic)

Answer 52

Mayapple

Question 53

SN of Mayapple

Answer 53

Podophyllum peltatum

Question 54

AC of Mayapple

Answer 54

Podophyllotoxin and other lignans, peltatins

Question 55

used for prostate hyperplasia

Answer 55

African plum

Question 56

SN of African plum

Answer 56

Prunus africana

Question 57

AC of African plum

Answer 57

sitosterol

Question 58

used for psoriasis

Answer 58

Psoralea corylifolia

Question 59

AC of Psoralea corylifolia

Answer 59

psoralen

Question 60

used for Ajmalin (A) and reserpine (B)

Answer 60

Snake root

Question 61

SN of Snake root

Answer 61

Rauvolfia serpentina

Question 62

AC of Snake roots

Answer 62

Ajmalin (A) and reserpine (B)

Question 63

used for lower back pain and chronic inflammatory conditions

Answer 63

Willow

Question 64

SN of Willow

Answer 64

Salix alba

Question 65

AC of Willow

Answer 65

Salicin

Question 66

used as a laxative

Answer 66

Senna

Question 67

SN of Senna

Answer 67

Senna alexandrina syn: Cassia senna and related spp.

Question 68

AC of Senna

Answer 68

sennoside anthraquinones

Question 69

used for coronary insufficiency

Answer 69

Strophanthus gratus and Strophanthus spp.

Question 70

AC of Stropanthus gratus

Answer 70

strophantin, ouabain

Question 71

used as a toothache eugenol

Answer 71

Clove

Question 72

SN of Clove

Answer 72

Syzygium aromaticum

Question 73

AC of Clove

Answer 73

eugenol

Question 74

used for cancer chemotherapy

Answer 74

Californian yew

Question 75

SN of Californian yew

Answer 75

Taxus brevifolia

Question 76

AC of Californian yew

Answer 76

paclitaxel

Question 77

used for chronic inflammatory conditions

Answer 77

Horse chestnut

Question 78

SN of Horse chestnut

Answer 78

Aesculus hippocastanum

Question 79

AC of Horse chestnut

Answer 79

aescin

Question 80

used for an increase of cardiac activity

Answer 80

Visnaga

Question 81

SN of Visnaga

Answer 81

Ammi visnaga

Question 82

AC of Visnaga

Answer 82

khellin, cromogycate

Question 83

used as an anti-inflammatory

Answer 83

Pineapple

Question 84

SN of Pineapple

Answer 84

Ananas comosus

Question 85

AC of Pineapple

Answer 85

bromelain

Question 86

used for parkinsonism and as an anti emetic

Answer 86

Deadly Nightshade

Question 87

SN of Deadly Nightshade

Answer 87

Atropa belladonna

Question 88

AC of Deadly Nightshade

Answer 88

hyoscyamine

Question 89

used as an expectorant, emetic, and amoebiasis

Answer 89

Ipecacuanha

Question 90

SN of Ipecacuanha

Answer 90

Carapichea ipecacuanha

Question 91

AC of Ipecacuanha

Answer 91

emetine

Question 92

used for cancer chemotherapy

Answer 92

Madagascar periwinkle

Question 93

SN of Madagascar periwinkle

Answer 93

Catharanthus roseus

Question 94

AC of Madagascar periwinkle

Answer 94

vincristine, vinblastine

Question 95

used for muscular relaxation

Answer 95

Chondrodendron tomentosum

Question 96

AC of Chondrodendron tomentosum

Answer 96

D-Tubocurarine

Question 97

used for malaria

Answer 97

Jesuits’ bark or Peruvian bark

Question 98

SN of Jesuits bark

Answer 98

Cinchona pubescens

Question 99

AC of Jesuits’ bark

Answer 99

quinine

Question 100

used for gout

Answer 100

Meadow saffron / autumn crocus

Question 101

SN of Meadow saffron

Answer 101

Colchicum autumnale

Question 102

AC of Meadow saffron

Answer 102

colchicine

Question 103

used for cancer chemotherapy

Answer 103

Bushwillow tree

Question 104

SN of Bushwillow tree

Answer 104

Combretum caffrum

Question 105

AC of Bushwillow tree

Answer 105

Combretastatin A-4 (cytotoxic drug)

Question 106

used for diabetes and antiplasmodia

Answer 106

Cryptolepis / Ghanaian quinine

Question 107

SN of Cryptolepis

Answer 107

Cryptolepis sanguinolenta

Question 108

AC of Cryptolepis

Answer 108

cryptolepine

Question 109

used for hepatic disorders

Answer 109

Turmeric

Question 110

SN of Turmeric

Answer 110

Curcuma xanthorrhiza

Question 111

AC of Turmeric

Answer 111

curcumin, essential oils