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Pharmacognosy (Lecture) > (Module 1) Ethnobotany > Flashcards

(Module 1) Ethnobotany Flashcards

1
Q

the relationship of plants and humanity in all its complexity

A

ethnobotany

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2
Q

who first coined ethnobotany

A

William Harshberger

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3
Q

used for cardiac arrhythmia and atrial fibrillation

A

Foxglove

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4
Q

SN of Foxglove

A

Digitalis spp.

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5
Q

AC of Foxglove

A

Digitalis glycosides (digoxin)

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6
Q

family of Foxglove

A

Solanaceae

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7
Q

used for travel sickness, preoperative medication. is anti selective and is not used as much anymore

A

Thorn-apple / Devil’s Trumpet

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8
Q

SN of Thorn-apple/Devil’s Trumpet

A

Datura metel / Datura stramonium

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9
Q

AC of Thorn-apple

A

Scopolamine (hyoscine)

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10
Q

direct precursor in the plant biosynthesis of hyoscine

A

hyoscyamine

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11
Q

racemic mixture of hyoscyamine (- +)

A

Atropine

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12
Q

used to treat coronary insufficiency and enema

A

Sea onion / Swuill

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13
Q

SN of Sea onion

A

Drimia maritima

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14
Q

AC of Sea onion

A

C-steroidal cardiac glycosides

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15
Q

when are the bulbs of sea onion collected?

A

in August

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16
Q

used as a decongestant and bronchodilator - herbal ecstasy

A

Ephedra

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17
Q

SN of Ephedra

A

Ephedra sinica

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18
Q

AC of Ephedra

A

Ephedrine and Pseudoephedrine

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19
Q

used for pain and inflammation

A

Meadowsweet

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20
Q

SN of Meadowsweet

A

Filipendula ulmaria

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21
Q

AC of Meadowsweet

A

salicylic acid, Acetylsalicylic acid (ASA)

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22
Q

used as a purgative

A

Cascara sagrada

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23
Q

SN of Cascara sagrada

A

Frangula purshiana syn: Rhamnus purshiana

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24
Q

AC of Cadscara Sagrada

A

anthraquinones

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25
Q

used for dementia, including Alzheimer’s disease

A

Snowdrop

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26
Q

SN of Snowdrop

A

Galanthus nivalis

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27
Q

AC of Snowdrop

A

galanthamine

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28
Q

used for dementia, cerebral deficiencies, and cerebral circulatory problems

A

Ginkgo

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29
Q

SN of Gingko

A

Ginkgo biloba

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30
Q

AC of Ginkgo

A

Ginkgolides

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31
Q

used for pain, especially rheumatism

A

Devil’s claw

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32
Q

SN of Devil’s claw

A

Harpagophytum procumbens

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33
Q

AC of Devil’s claw

A

harpagoquinone

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34
Q

used as an anticholinergic

A

Henbane

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35
Q

SN of Henbane

A

Hyoscyamus niger

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36
Q

AC of Henbane

A

hyoscyamine

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37
Q

used for mild forms of depression, topical for inflammatory conditions (oil)

A

St. John’s Wort

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38
Q

SN of St. John’s Wort

A

Hypericum perforatum

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39
Q

AC of St. John’s Wort

A

hyperforin, lavonoids, hypericin

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40
Q

used as an anxiolytic, mild stimulant

A

Kava-kava

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41
Q

SN of Kava-kava

A

Macropiper methysticum syn: Piper methysticum

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42
Q

AC of Kava-kava

A

Kava pyrones

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43
Q

used for Pain (P), cough (C), antispasmodic (S)

A

Opium (poppy)

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44
Q

SN of opium poppy

A

Papaver somniferum

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45
Q

AC of Poppy

A

Morphine (P), Codeine (C), and Papaverine (S)

46
Q

used for glaucoma

A

Calabar bean

47
Q

SN of Calabar bean

A

Physostigma venenosum

48
Q

AC of Calabar bean

A

physostigmine

49
Q

used as a parasympathomimetic, glaucoma, and Alzheimer’s disease

A

Jaborandi

50
Q

SN of Jaborandi

A

Pilocarpus jaborandi

51
Q

AC of Jaborandi

A

pilocarpine

52
Q

used for cancer chemotherapy, warts (caustic)

A

Mayapple

53
Q

SN of Mayapple

A

Podophyllum peltatum

54
Q

AC of Mayapple

A

Podophyllotoxin and other lignans, peltatins

55
Q

used for prostate hyperplasia

A

African plum

56
Q

SN of African plum

A

Prunus africana

57
Q

AC of African plum

A

sitosterol

58
Q

used for psoriasis

A

Psoralea corylifolia

59
Q

AC of Psoralea corylifolia

A

psoralen

60
Q

used for Ajmalin (A) and reserpine (B)

A

Snake root

61
Q

SN of Snake root

A

Rauvolfia serpentina

62
Q

AC of Snake roots

A

Ajmalin (A) and reserpine (B)

63
Q

used for lower back pain and chronic inflammatory conditions

A

Willow

64
Q

SN of Willow

A

Salix alba

65
Q

AC of Willow

A

Salicin

66
Q

used as a laxative

A

Senna

67
Q

SN of Senna

A

Senna alexandrina syn: Cassia senna and related spp.

68
Q

AC of Senna

A

sennoside anthraquinones

69
Q

used for coronary insufficiency

A

Strophanthus gratus and Strophanthus spp.

70
Q

AC of Stropanthus gratus

A

strophantin, ouabain

71
Q

used as a toothache eugenol

A

Clove

72
Q

SN of Clove

A

Syzygium aromaticum

73
Q

AC of Clove

A

eugenol

74
Q

used for cancer chemotherapy

A

Californian yew

75
Q

SN of Californian yew

A

Taxus brevifolia

76
Q

AC of Californian yew

A

paclitaxel

77
Q

used for chronic inflammatory conditions

A

Horse chestnut

78
Q

SN of Horse chestnut

A

Aesculus hippocastanum

79
Q

AC of Horse chestnut

A

aescin

80
Q

used for an increase of cardiac activity

A

Visnaga

81
Q

SN of Visnaga

A

Ammi visnaga

82
Q

AC of Visnaga

A

khellin, cromogycate

83
Q

used as an anti-inflammatory

A

Pineapple

84
Q

SN of Pineapple

A

Ananas comosus

85
Q

AC of Pineapple

A

bromelain

86
Q

used for parkinsonism and as an anti emetic

A

Deadly Nightshade

87
Q

SN of Deadly Nightshade

A

Atropa belladonna

88
Q

AC of Deadly Nightshade

A

hyoscyamine

89
Q

used as an expectorant, emetic, and amoebiasis

A

Ipecacuanha

90
Q

SN of Ipecacuanha

A

Carapichea ipecacuanha

91
Q

AC of Ipecacuanha

A

emetine

92
Q

used for cancer chemotherapy

A

Madagascar periwinkle

93
Q

SN of Madagascar periwinkle

A

Catharanthus roseus

94
Q

AC of Madagascar periwinkle

A

vincristine, vinblastine

95
Q

used for muscular relaxation

A

Chondrodendron tomentosum

96
Q

AC of Chondrodendron tomentosum

A

D-Tubocurarine

97
Q

used for malaria

A

Jesuits’ bark or Peruvian bark

98
Q

SN of Jesuits bark

A

Cinchona pubescens

99
Q

AC of Jesuits’ bark

A

quinine

100
Q

used for gout

A

Meadow saffron / autumn crocus

101
Q

SN of Meadow saffron

A

Colchicum autumnale

102
Q

AC of Meadow saffron

A

colchicine

103
Q

used for cancer chemotherapy

A

Bushwillow tree

104
Q

SN of Bushwillow tree

A

Combretum caffrum

105
Q

AC of Bushwillow tree

A

Combretastatin A-4 (cytotoxic drug)

106
Q

used for diabetes and antiplasmodia

A

Cryptolepis / Ghanaian quinine

107
Q

SN of Cryptolepis

A

Cryptolepis sanguinolenta

108
Q

AC of Cryptolepis

A

cryptolepine

109
Q

used for hepatic disorders

A

Turmeric

110
Q

SN of Turmeric

A

Curcuma xanthorrhiza

111
Q

AC of Turmeric

A

curcumin, essential oils

Pharmacognosy (Lecture) (7 decks)

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