(Module 1) Commerce in Crude Drugs Flashcards
production and channels of trade of drugs
Commercial Origin of a drug
includes area of cultivation, collection and rout of transport of a drug
Geographical Source
important to mention as these are responsible for the quality of a drug
Cultivation, Collection, and Preparation
preparation of crude drugs for commercial market steps
- Collection
2, Harvesting - Drying
- Garbling
- Packaging, Storage, and Preservation
done when the part of the plant that constitutes the drug is highest in its content of APIs
Collection
plant collection considerations
geography and proper time of harvesting
should not be collected when covered with dew or rain
leaves, flowers, and fruits
before they are fully expanded
leaves
beginning to open - before pollination
flower
as the aerial part dies down
under ground organs
after period of damp weather
barks
fully matured
seeds
before or after the ripening period
fruits
when dry weather
gum, gum resins
modes of harvesting
hand labor
mechanical device
removal of moisture
Drying
involves 2 main principles of drying
control of temp
regulation of air flow
special drying process -> fermentation and sweating
Curing
air drying
sun drying
shade drying
Natural
oven 40 C to 60 C
Artificial
20C-40C
leaves harbs and flowers
30C - 60C
barks and roots
final step in preparation of crude drug. removal of extraneous matter and added adulterant
Garbling
provides protection to the drug and space
packaging
protection of drugs against insects
exposure to 65 C
fumigation with methyl bromide, carbon disulphide, and hydrocyanic acid
