Module 1&2 Exam 1

Question 1

What defines psychology?

Answer 1

Science of behavior and mental process

Question 2

What are behavior and mental processes?

Answer 2

behavior is any action that can be observed or recorded. Mental process is internal subjective experiance infered from behavior

Question 3

What isn’t psychology?

Answer 3

Focused only on mental health, analyzing people, people trying to fix their own problems, or psychiatry (people who give others medicine)

Question 4

Who was the first psychologist, and what did he study?

Answer 4

Wilhem Wundt and he studied people’s reaction time

Question 5

What’s the difference between structuralism and functionalism?

Answer 5

Structualism used introspection to define the minds makeup (how things relate) ; functualism focused on how mental processes enable us to adapt, survie, and thrive(purpose)

Question 6

What was the research method of introspection?

Answer 6

Structualism

Question 7

What is Psychodynamic Theory?

Answer 7

empisised how uncounsious thought process and emotional responces to childhood experiances affect later life behavior (freud) development process->personality

Question 8

Behaviorism

Answer 8

the scentific study of observable behavior without reference tyo mental process (only what we do head empty)

Question 9

Humanism

Answer 9

Focused on ways that current enviroment nurture of limit growth potential and importance of having needs met to be satasfied (hierarchy of needs)

Question 10

Why do we study Freud?

Answer 10

cultural influence; historically important, and because he had the first compreshensive personality theory

Question 11

What are the three levels of consciousness?

Answer 11

Councious- ideas we’re aware of and think about
pre-counsious- ideas on the verge of awareness
uncounsious- ideas not avalible for recall that are trheatening to you

Question 12

What are the three parts of your personality?

Answer 12

ID- basic urges, uncounsious to them basically the devil on your shoulder
Superego- your moral values, causes guilt if ignored, basically the angel on your shoulder
ego- the part of you that deals with real world constraints and chooses to listen to ID or Superego

Question 13

What are defense mechanisms?

Answer 13

they uncousiously protect you from anxiety aused by your uncousious (violent impulses, ect)

Question 14

What is repression?

Answer 14

use of “brute force” to push ideas into the uncousious

Question 15

What is Freud’s theory of psychosexual stages and how does it cause your adult personality?

Answer 15

children go through a series of stages of development and growth requires you to advane through stages, but some get stuck and if your stuck this influences your adult peronality

Question 16

What is a case study?

Answer 16

detailed observation and anylisys of a single person

Question 17

What is a projective test, and what does it assess?

Answer 17

bassically an ambigious image (ink blob) that supposivly reveies uncousious thoughts through your interpretation

Question 18

Why did Freud analyze dream images?

Answer 18

because he thought symbols reflected uncousious thoughts

Question 19

What’s a Freudian slip?

Answer 19

a verbal error that revels uncousious thoughts

Question 20

What makes psychology unique in how it examines human behavior?

Answer 20

focus on individuals, collect data through observation or self report and focus on carefully controlld experiments

Question 21

What is critical thinking, and why is it important in psychology?

Answer 21

don’t assume everything is true and it’s important so we aren’t biased

Question 22

What are the major areas of psychology?

Answer 22

biological, cognative, developmental, social and peronality, mental and physical health

Question 23

What’s the difference between a research psychologist and an applied psychologist?

Answer 23

reaserch psych study basic questions on how people function and appled use this to help people

Question 24

What is positive psychology?

Answer 24

study of human flourishing with the goals of discovering and premoting strengths and virtues that help people and communities thrive

Question 25

What is culture

Answer 25

shared ideas and behaviors that one generation passes on to the next

Question 26

WEIRD culture

Answer 26

Western, Educated, Industrilized, Rich, and Democratic

Question 27

What the difference between basic and applied research?

Answer 27

basic builds psych’s general knowledge base while applied tackles practial problems

Question 28

What are the steps of SQ3R?

Answer 28

Survey, Question, Read, Retreieve, and Review

Question 29

What are the goals of psychology research?

Answer 29

To understand what causes people to act, think, and feel they way they do, articulate the principles that guide human behavior and To use the best methods to pursue these goals and uncover the “truth.”

Question 30

What is a theory?

Answer 30

Our best explanation for an aspect of behavior.

Question 31

What does a theory accomplish?

Answer 31

Makes predictions regarding how people will act or respond

Question 32

Why do psychologists care about theories?

Answer 32

Our best explanation for an aspect of behavior, many research studies have tested and supported it.

Question 33

What is the scientific method, and how does it work?

Answer 33

Hypothesize, operationalize, design, collect, analyze, and publush. its the circle of making tests and hypothesis

Question 34

What is a hypothesis?

Answer 34

A testable prediction regarding conditions under which an event will occur.

Question 35

How is a hypothesis different from a theory?

Answer 35

hypothesis is an untested idea but theories have been proven

Question 36

What does it mean to operationalize?

Answer 36

Decide how to measure all the relevant variables. It’s is how we decide to “get at” the variables that interest us.

Question 37

What is a research design?

Answer 37

How we plan to structure the study in order to test the hypothesis.

Question 38

What are naturalistic observation, correlational, and experimental designs?

Answer 38

Naturalistic observation: studying people in natural settings.
Correlational studies: observing if two variables are associated
Experiments: manipulating variables to test cause and effect.

Question 39

What happens when you analyze data?

Answer 39

You examine it to see if your hypothesis was supported or not supported and look for look for statically significant effects in our design.

Question 40

Why is it important to publish research findings?

Answer 40

to share your knowledge with others and add to the scholarly bank. Also allows for Theories can be updated (or even eliminated) based on new findings.

Question 41

What do we mean when we say “people are complicated”?

Answer 41

We mean no one theory can completely explain all of human behavior.

Question 42

What is the biopsychosocial model?

Answer 42

An integrated approach to explaining behavior that incorporates biological, psychological, and social influences.Each level of analysis provides an understanding of behavior, but by itself it’s not complete

Question 43

What are the implications of the biopsychosocial model for understanding causes of behavior?

Answer 43

Each field and sub-field of psychology provides a good, but incomplete understanding of behavior.Any single explanation of behavior is not going to be perfect. Other factors also play a role.

Question 44

What is a correlational design?

Answer 44

Determining the relationship between two variables without controlling or manipulating them

Question 45

What is an experimental design?

Answer 45

Determining if one variable influences another by controlling and manipulating the variable

Question 46

Why does psychology need research ethics?

Answer 46

Because some psych experiments have the poteintal to cause harm so we need to make sure we treat people ethically so that doesn’t happen

Question 47

What does an Institutional Review Board do?

Answer 47

They verify a study is being performed ethically before people participate

Question 48

What is informed consent, and why is it important?

Answer 48

General description of what participant will do, but it may not be the complete story, especially if the study involves deception. Explains potential risks and benefits

Question 49

What does it mean if a study is “free from coercion”?

Answer 49

Participation is volentary and there is no pressure for someone to stay in a study

Question 50

What is the risk-benefit rule in research?

Question 51

What is debriefing, and why is it important?

Question 52

What is hindsight bias?

Answer 52

Tendancy to believe after learning an outcome, that one would have forseen it

Question 53

What is meta-analysis

Answer 53

a statistical procedure for analysizing the reults of multiple studies to reach an overall conclusion

Question 54

why is meta-analysis important?

Answer 54

because by combining the results of many studies, reasershers avoid the problem of small samples and arrive at bottem line results

Question 55

What is random sampling

Answer 55

a sample tht fairly represents a population because each member has an equal chance of inclusion

Question 56

how is random sampling different from random assignment

Answer 56

in random assignment where you already have a group and randomly assign them to a treatment. Random assignments for experiments while random samplings for survey

Question 57

What is the placebo effect?

Answer 57

results caused by expectation alone, any effect on behavior caused by the administration of an inert substance which pacitent assumes will help.

Question 58

Councious

Answer 58

ideas we’re aware of and think about

Question 59

pre-counsious

Answer 59

ideas on the verge of awareness

Question 60

uncounsious

Answer 60

ideas not avalible for recall that are trheatening to you