Exam 5 Psychotherapy Flashcards
What is humanistic therapy?
therapy assumes that most people possess the insight and resources to improve their lives.
What does a humanistic therapist do? (genuineness, acceptance, empathy)
Therapists foster growth by exhibiting…
Genuineness: being themselves
Acceptance: unconditional positive regard
Empathy: understanding the client’s feelings
Therapists encourage the client to solve their own problems by using active listening.
What is active listening?
Paraphrasing the client’s statements
Asking the client to clarify themselves.
reflecting the client’s feelings.
What is behavior therapy?
focuses on creating enviromental conditions that facilitate the change of problematic behaviors.
What does a behavior therapist do?
Behavior therapists use the basic principles of classical and operant conditioning
Behavior modification:
Desired behavior is reinforced; undesired behavior is not reinforced and sometimes is punished.
Token economy:
People earn a token for exhibiting a desired behavior and can later exchange the tokens for privileges or treats.
Counterconditioning
Uses classical conditioning to evoke new responses to stimuli that are triggering unwanted behaviors
Exposure therapies:
Treat anxieties by exposing people (in imaginary or actual situations) to the things they fear and avoid
Systematic desensitization:
Associates a pleasant, relaxed state with gradually increasing, anxiety-triggering stimuli
How is behavior therapy used to help people with autism?
ABA involves determining what behaviors a child needs to learn or develop and focusing on positive reinforcement to increase them.
What is cognitive therapy?
teaches people new, more adaptive ways of thinking about themselves and their life experiences.
Based on the assumption that thoughts intervene between events and our emotional reactions.
What does a cognitive therapist do?
are trained to recognize and modify negative self-talk.
What are four things a cognitive therapist may focus on?
Question your interpretation: Reveal faulty assumptions like “I must be liked by everyone.”
Decatastrophize your thinking: Question whether events are really as bad as you’re making them out to be.
Take appropriate responsibility: Challenge self-blame and recognize when you’re not responsible.
Resist extremes: Stop seeing things as black and white and try to find the shades of grey in the middle
What is cognitive behavioral therapy?
Intergrative therapy that combines cognitive therapy (changing self-defeating thinking) with behavior therapy (changing behavior).
Aims to alter the way people act and the way they think
Helps people learn to make more realistic appraisals.
What is group therapy, and what are its benefits?
Helps clients develop social skills
Clients realize they’re not the only one with a specific problem
Group members can provide effective and supportive feedback
What is family therapy, and what does it focus on?
Attempts to open up communication within the family and help family members discover and use conflict resolution strategies.
What are self-help groups, and how to do they help?
Small religious, interest, or support groups that meet regularly.
Helps people who feel alone to find community and connectedness
Why is it difficult to answer the question “Does therapy work?”?
Clients think it does.
Therapists think it does.
What does research on the effectiveness of therapy tell us?
Researchers have conducted meta-analyses on therapy effectiveness studies (combining the results of 100’s of studies to determine an overall effect).
Individuals who do not undergo treatment often improve, but those who participate in psychotherapy are more likely to improve more quickly, and with less chance of relapse.
Why does psychotherapy help?
Hope for demoralized people.
See self and the world differently
Therapeutic alliance: a trusting, empathic and caring relationship.
Psychotherapy?
Psychotherapies provide unique assistance with different aspects of psychological disorders.
What’s the difference between a psychiatrist and a psychologist?
Psycguatrist - provide prescriptions and some talk therapy but mostly provide medicine
Psychologist - wide array of talk theory ( degree in psych)
What is psychopharmacology?
Study of drug effects on mind and behavior
Has helped make drug therapy the most widely used biomedical therapy.
