Exam 5 Psychotherapy

Question 1

What is humanistic therapy?

Answer 1

therapy assumes that most people possess the insight and resources to improve their lives.

Question 2

What does a humanistic therapist do? (genuineness, acceptance, empathy)

Answer 2

Therapists foster growth by exhibiting…
Genuineness: being themselves
Acceptance: unconditional positive regard
Empathy: understanding the client’s feelings
Therapists encourage the client to solve their own problems by using active listening.

Question 3

What is active listening?

Answer 3

Paraphrasing the client’s statements
Asking the client to clarify themselves.
reflecting the client’s feelings.

Question 4

What is behavior therapy?

Answer 4

focuses on creating enviromental conditions that facilitate the change of problematic behaviors.

Question 5

What does a behavior therapist do?

Answer 5

Behavior therapists use the basic principles of classical and operant conditioning

Question 6

Behavior modification:

Answer 6

Desired behavior is reinforced; undesired behavior is not reinforced and sometimes is punished.

Question 7

Token economy:

Answer 7

People earn a token for exhibiting a desired behavior and can later exchange the tokens for privileges or treats.

Question 8

Counterconditioning

Answer 8

Uses classical conditioning to evoke new responses to stimuli that are triggering unwanted behaviors

Question 9

Exposure therapies:

Answer 9

Treat anxieties by exposing people (in imaginary or actual situations) to the things they fear and avoid

Question 10

Systematic desensitization:

Answer 10

Associates a pleasant, relaxed state with gradually increasing, anxiety-triggering stimuli

Question 11

How is behavior therapy used to help people with autism?

Answer 11

ABA involves determining what behaviors a child needs to learn or develop and focusing on positive reinforcement to increase them.

Question 12

What is cognitive therapy?

Answer 12

teaches people new, more adaptive ways of thinking about themselves and their life experiences.
Based on the assumption that thoughts intervene between events and our emotional reactions.

Question 13

What does a cognitive therapist do?

Answer 13

are trained to recognize and modify negative self-talk.

Question 14

What are four things a cognitive therapist may focus on?

Answer 14

Question your interpretation: Reveal faulty assumptions like “I must be liked by everyone.”
Decatastrophize your thinking: Question whether events are really as bad as you’re making them out to be.
Take appropriate responsibility: Challenge self-blame and recognize when you’re not responsible.
Resist extremes: Stop seeing things as black and white and try to find the shades of grey in the middle

Question 15

What is cognitive behavioral therapy?

Answer 15

Intergrative therapy that combines cognitive therapy (changing self-defeating thinking) with behavior therapy (changing behavior).
Aims to alter the way people act and the way they think
Helps people learn to make more realistic appraisals.

Question 16

What is group therapy, and what are its benefits?

Answer 16

Helps clients develop social skills
Clients realize they’re not the only one with a specific problem
Group members can provide effective and supportive feedback

Question 17

What is family therapy, and what does it focus on?

Answer 17

Attempts to open up communication within the family and help family members discover and use conflict resolution strategies.

Question 18

What are self-help groups, and how to do they help?

Answer 18

Small religious, interest, or support groups that meet regularly.
Helps people who feel alone to find community and connectedness

Question 19

Why is it difficult to answer the question “Does therapy work?”?

Answer 19

Clients think it does.
Therapists think it does.

Question 20

What does research on the effectiveness of therapy tell us?

Answer 20

Researchers have conducted meta-analyses on therapy effectiveness studies (combining the results of 100’s of studies to determine an overall effect).
Individuals who do not undergo treatment often improve, but those who participate in psychotherapy are more likely to improve more quickly, and with less chance of relapse.

Question 21

Why does psychotherapy help?

Answer 21

Hope for demoralized people.
See self and the world differently
Therapeutic alliance: a trusting, empathic and caring relationship.

Question 22

Psychotherapy?

Answer 22

Psychotherapies provide unique assistance with different aspects of psychological disorders.

Question 23

What’s the difference between a psychiatrist and a psychologist?

Answer 23

Psycguatrist - provide prescriptions and some talk therapy but mostly provide medicine
Psychologist - wide array of talk theory ( degree in psych)

Question 24

What is psychopharmacology?

Answer 24

Study of drug effects on mind and behavior
Has helped make drug therapy the most widely used biomedical therapy.

Question 25

Anti-depressant drugs:

Answer 25

increase availability of norepinephrine or serotonin.

Question 26

Anti-anxiety drugs:

Answer 26

depress central nervous system activity; often combined with psychotherapy.

Question 27

Mood stabilizing drugs:

Answer 27

used to treat bipolar disorder and level out mood; lithium salts.

Question 28

Anti-psychotic drugs:

Answer 28

used to treat schizophrenia and other psychoses; can focus on dopamine levels.

Question 29

What does research on the effectiveness of antidepressants tell us?

Answer 29

have found that they work for moderate to severe depression, but not mild
They will, on average, reduce symptoms for 20% of people.
They can take up to a month to start having an effect.

Question 30

What is a lobotomy? How does it work?

Answer 30

Ice pick, mind, wigglewigglewiggle no more thoughts bye bye

Question 31

What is electroconvulsive therapy? How does it work?

Answer 31

A procedure used to treat people who are resistant to other forms of treatment.
Patient is under general anesthetic and given a muscle relaxant to prevent convulsions.
Small electric currents are passed through the brain in order to induce a seizure
The patient has no memory of the procedure and there are few side effects.

Question 32

What is repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation? How does it work?

Answer 32

Uses a magnet to painlessly and with few side effects activate the brain.
rTMS can be targeted to specific areas of the brain, unlike ECT.