Exam 5 emotion

Question 1

What is an emotion?

Answer 1

Emotions are a multifaceted response to important events that often have an adaptive purpose.

Question 2

conscious experience

Answer 2

awareness of the event and the emotion.

Question 3

bodily arousal

Answer 3

your body reacts to the event.

Question 4

motivation

Answer 4

emotions motivate you to act in response

Question 5

expressive behaviors

Answer 5

facial expression of the emotion.

Question 6

Componets of emotion

Answer 6

conscious experience; bodily arousal; motivation; expressive behaviors

Question 7

What is the James-Lange Theory of Emotion? What does it say about the role of arousal?

Answer 7

According to James-Lange, each specific emotion has a unique physiological response associated with it.
Arousal occurs before awareness → we become aware of the emotion after we interpret the pattern of arousal.

Question 8

What are the problems with the James-Lange Theory?

Answer 8

Physiological responses are not diverse enough to explain all the different emotions we experience.
We’re often aware of the emotion before our body can even react.

Question 9

What is the Cannon-Bard Theory of Emotion? What does it say about the role of arousal?

Answer 9

According to Cannon-Bard, a meaningful event triggers cognitive awareness along with a physiological response.
Physiological arousal is the organism preparing for the emergencey response of fight or flight.
Arousal can energize flight-or-flight responses

Question 10

What is Schacter and Singer’s Two-Factor Theory of Emotion? What does it say about the role of arousal?

Answer 10

Emotional experience requires a conscious interpretation of arousal.

Arousal fuels emotion; interpretation turns it into an emotion
Arousal causes us to look to our enviroment to identify the cause.
You may seek out an explanation for arousal

Question 11

What is the spillover effect?

Answer 11

Arousal can spill over from one event to the next, causing you to seek an explanation for the cause that isn’t always the true cause.
Example: Go on an exciting date, and your date may think you excite them, leading to attraction

Question 12

What is Zajonc & LeDoux’s theory of emotion?

Answer 12

We don’t always need to counsciously be aware of what’s happening in order to experience emotions. We don’t have to think.
But you can have an emotion without cognition

Question 13

What is the “low road” for emotion?

Answer 13

Sometimes emotional responses take a neural shortcut that bypasses the cortex and goes directly to the amygdala

Question 14

What is Lazarus theory of emotion? What does he say about appraisal? What are the important appraisals?

Answer 14

To know if something is good or bad, the brain must know what it is.
To know if something is good or bad, the brain must know what it is.
Your interpretation of events influences your emotional response (Lazarus).

Question 15

What are the basic, universal emotions? How many are there? What do they do?

Answer 15

do?
There are a small number of basic, universal emotions.(Perhaps six to twelve emotions.)
All have useful, adaptive qualities.
Simple and don’t require much thinking
Basic Positive: Protection: they help prepare us to respond to threats or possible harm.
Basic Positive: Getting us involved in satisfying activities and constructively engaging with the world.

Question 16

What are the complex emotions? How many are there? What do they do?

Answer 16

There are potentially a limitless number of complex emotions.
Require thinking about a situation and responding.
Dependent on cultural and other experiences.

Question 17

What are the complex, self-conscious emotions? What do they do?

Answer 17

Ex: Shame, Guilt, Embarrassment, Pride.
Why complex? They require an interpretation of a situation based social expectations and culture.

Self-conscious emotions protect your social status

Negative ones: Protecting social status : Reactions to meeting or failing to meet personal or cultural standards of behavior.
Self-conscious emotions signal to others that we feel bad about something we’ve done and that we intend to fix any damage.

Question 18

What causes anger?

Answer 18

Anger is most often evoked by misdeeds that we interpret as willful, unjustified, and avoidable
Also
Violating social norms or expectations for behavior.
Small frustrations that aren’t caused by anyone

Question 19

How does anger motivate us?

Answer 19

People are motivated to protect themselves and their well-being
You will attempt to overcome the obstacle to your goal.
However can also lead to violence

Question 20

What are the consequences of anger?

Answer 20

Chronic hostility is linked to heart disease
Controlled assertions of anger may resolve conflicts, and forgiveness may rid us of angry feelings.
Anger communicates strength and competence motivates action, and expresses grief when wisely used.

Question 21

What is catharsis, and does it work?

Answer 21

Conventional wisdom suggests that one way to reduce feelings of anger is to do something aggressive but safe
Punch a punching bag or Play a violent game.
Does it work? Not really. Cathartic behavior often extends or even amplifies angry feelings.

Question 22

How should you manage anger?

Answer 22

Take some time to cool off before doing anything about it.
Don’t keep thinking about what made you angry. Distract yourself.
See things from the perspective of the person who angered you.
Have a constructive conversation with the person who made you angry.

Question 23

What causes joy?

Answer 23

You experience an outcome that you desire (gain). Joy is the opposite of sadness (loss).

Question 24

How does joy motivate us?

Answer 24

Joy facilitates our willingness to engage in social activities and spend time with others.
Feel-good, Do-Good: People tend to be more helpful when they are in a good mood.
Joy creates the urge to play and be creative.

Question 25

What are the consequences of joy?

Answer 25

Joy can enhance our subjective well-being and life satisfaction.
Self-perceived happiness or satisfaction with life
Used with measures of objective well-being to evaluate quality of life.

Question 26

What is savoring, and why should we savor?

Answer 26

Savoring involves responding to your positive experiences to…
Increase the intensity of positive emotions they generate.
Extend the duration of positive emotions they generate.

Question 27

When can you savor?

Answer 27

Before the positive event: anticipation (Enjoying what’s going to happen.)
During the positive event: being in the moment (Experience the event deeply.)
After the positive event: reminiscing (Remembering the joy you experienced.)