Exam 4 motivation Flashcards
What is motivation?
it’s the study of whatever gets you to take action and do things.
How is motivation unique in the field of psychology?
What is instinct theory? How does it explain motivation?
Theory that Some of our motivations may be genetically “hardwired.” or an instinct
What is drive reduction theory?
Physiological needs (such as hunger and thirst) create an aroused state that drives us to reduce the need (for example, by eating or drinking) in order to keep us functioning optimally.
How does drive reduction theory explain motivation
drives give us the motivation to reduce the need
What is homeostasis?
the tendency to maintain a balanced or constant internal state; it involves the regulation of any aspect of body chemistry.
physiological needs
deficient biological state.
- Maintaining homeostasis
- Low blood sugar or water levels.
physiological drives
conscious awareness of physiological need.
-Drive guides behavior.
-Experiencing hunger or thirst.
What is arousal theory?
Explains how arousal affects task performance aka Yerkes-Dodson law
How does arousal theory explain motivation
You have to be at the perfect level of arousal to complete tasks
What does the Yerkes-Dodson law say about task performance and arousal?
Explains how arousal affects task performance
- Too low? Reduced performance due to lack of energy and focus.
- Too high? Reduced performance due to anxiety and stress.
What is Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs?
describes needs that motivate people’s behavior
How Maslow hierarchy or needs explain motivation?
you need to take care of lower-level needs before moving on to higher-level needs.
What did Lepper et al (1973) do?
Children were asked to draw pictures for 6 minutes in a separate room. There were three conditions.
Extrinsic : Expected a reward (certificate).
Intrinsic : No reward expected.
What did the results of Lepper et al (1973) find and tell us about extrinsic rewards and intrinsic motivation?
The children who expected a reward demonstrated the least interest in drawing when they had the chance.
Rewards kill intrisic motivation
What are the costs of extrinsic motivation?
Extrinsic rewards reduce or eliminate intrinsic motivation.
Focusing on external consequences interferes with learning.
Lowers performance for complex tasks (but not simple ones).
Extrinsic goals are often more difficult to achieve than intrinsic.
What are the benefits of intrinsic motivation?
Improved learning and engagement.
Work more creatively and effectively on tasks.
Experience more joy and life satisfaction every day.
Take the initative and persevere when challenged
Why should intrinsic goals matter to you?
You tend to enjoy things more if you are intriniscally motivated to do it
What is self-determination theory? What are the three needs in the theory?
People are motivated to grow and change by three innate and universal psychological needs: autonomy, competence, and relatedness.
What is the need for autonomy?
The need to control how and when we act and what we choose to do.
What happens when people have too many choices and why?
People are less satisfied with their choices when there are many options.
Because of
Decision-making stress
Post-decision regret
What is the need for competence?
The need to feel that we are effective interacting with the environment.
This leads us to improve our skills and seek out appropriate challenges.
What is flow, and how does someone experience it?
Complete immersion in activities that stand out as some of the best experiences in your life.
active, engaging and…
Provides clear feedback on performance.
Is challenging but you can meet the challenge.
Requires complete focus
People often lose track of time when engaged in flow.
What is the need for relatedness?
The need to form close emotional bonds and attachments with other people.
We want to be connected to other people and involved in good relationships.
What is loneliness
feeling like your social needs are not being met.
ostracism
experiencing rejection from a social group
Why should self-determination theory matter to you?
Your psychological well-being depends on whether you can satisfy these three psychological needs
What are the benefits of good relationships?
you are happier
predicts longer life
What is grit and why is it important?
in psychology, passion and perseverance in the pursuit of long-term goals
If you have grit you are more likely to finish
