Exam 4 motivation

Question 1

What is motivation?

Answer 1

it’s the study of whatever gets you to take action and do things.

Question 2

How is motivation unique in the field of psychology?

Question 3

What is instinct theory? How does it explain motivation?

Answer 3

Theory that Some of our motivations may be genetically “hardwired.” or an instinct

Question 4

What is drive reduction theory?

Answer 4

Physiological needs (such as hunger and thirst) create an aroused state that drives us to reduce the need (for example, by eating or drinking) in order to keep us functioning optimally.

Question 5

How does drive reduction theory explain motivation

Answer 5

drives give us the motivation to reduce the need

Question 6

What is homeostasis?

Answer 6

the tendency to maintain a balanced or constant internal state; it involves the regulation of any aspect of body chemistry.

Question 7

physiological needs

Answer 7

deficient biological state.
- Maintaining homeostasis
- Low blood sugar or water levels.

Question 8

physiological drives

Answer 8

conscious awareness of physiological need.
-Drive guides behavior.
-Experiencing hunger or thirst.

Question 9

What is arousal theory?

Answer 9

Explains how arousal affects task performance aka Yerkes-Dodson law

Question 10

How does arousal theory explain motivation

Answer 10

You have to be at the perfect level of arousal to complete tasks

Question 11

What does the Yerkes-Dodson law say about task performance and arousal?

Answer 11

Explains how arousal affects task performance
- Too low? Reduced performance due to lack of energy and focus.
- Too high? Reduced performance due to anxiety and stress.

Question 12

What is Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs?

Answer 12

describes needs that motivate people’s behavior

Question 13

How Maslow hierarchy or needs explain motivation?

Answer 13

you need to take care of lower-level needs before moving on to higher-level needs.

Question 14

What did Lepper et al (1973) do?

Answer 14

Children were asked to draw pictures for 6 minutes in a separate room. There were three conditions.
Extrinsic : Expected a reward (certificate).
Intrinsic : No reward expected.

Question 15

What did the results of Lepper et al (1973) find and tell us about extrinsic rewards and intrinsic motivation?

Answer 15

The children who expected a reward demonstrated the least interest in drawing when they had the chance.

Rewards kill intrisic motivation

Question 16

What are the costs of extrinsic motivation?

Answer 16

Extrinsic rewards reduce or eliminate intrinsic motivation.

Focusing on external consequences interferes with learning.

Lowers performance for complex tasks (but not simple ones).

Extrinsic goals are often more difficult to achieve than intrinsic.

Question 17

What are the benefits of intrinsic motivation?

Answer 17

Improved learning and engagement.
Work more creatively and effectively on tasks.
Experience more joy and life satisfaction every day.
Take the initative and persevere when challenged

Question 18

Why should intrinsic goals matter to you?

Answer 18

You tend to enjoy things more if you are intriniscally motivated to do it

Question 19

What is self-determination theory? What are the three needs in the theory?

Answer 19

People are motivated to grow and change by three innate and universal psychological needs: autonomy, competence, and relatedness.

Question 20

What is the need for autonomy?

Answer 20

The need to control how and when we act and what we choose to do.

Question 21

What happens when people have too many choices and why?

Answer 21

People are less satisfied with their choices when there are many options.

Because of
Decision-making stress
Post-decision regret

Question 22

What is the need for competence?

Answer 22

The need to feel that we are effective interacting with the environment.

This leads us to improve our skills and seek out appropriate challenges.

Question 23

What is flow, and how does someone experience it?

Answer 23

Complete immersion in activities that stand out as some of the best experiences in your life.

active, engaging and…
Provides clear feedback on performance.
Is challenging but you can meet the challenge.
Requires complete focus
People often lose track of time when engaged in flow.

Question 24

What is the need for relatedness?

Answer 24

The need to form close emotional bonds and attachments with other people.

We want to be connected to other people and involved in good relationships.

Question 25

What is loneliness

Answer 25

feeling like your social needs are not being met.

Question 26

ostracism

Answer 26

experiencing rejection from a social group

Question 27

Why should self-determination theory matter to you?

Answer 27

Your psychological well-being depends on whether you can satisfy these three psychological needs

Question 28

What are the benefits of good relationships?

Answer 28

you are happier

predicts longer life

Question 29

What is grit and why is it important?

Answer 29

in psychology, passion and perseverance in the pursuit of long-term goals

If you have grit you are more likely to finish