Modes Of Inheritance Flashcards
What is an autosomal dominant condition?
A condition where only one faulty allele is needed for the condition to be expressed
Who do autosomal dominant conditions manifest in?
They mainfest in heterozygotes
What are the effects of autosomal dominant conditions?
- Gain of function
- Insufficient amounts of protein being produced
- Dominant negative effect
What is an example of an autosomal dominant condition?
Huntingtons
What type of pedigree pattern do autosomal dominant conditions show?
Vertical pedigree pattern
What causes Huntingtons disease?
expansion of a CAG repeat which results in mutant proteins being produced which interfere with the functioning of normal nerve cells
What is meant by gain of function?
Gain of function is where the protein becomes hyperactive, and it is this hyperactivity which results in the onset of the disease
What is meant by a dominant negative effect?
Dominant negative effect is where the protein produced interferes with the functioning of the normal protein
How do autosomal dominant conditions effect men and women?
They affect men and women equally
What are autosomal recessive conditions?
where you need two copies of the allele in order for the condition to be expressed
What are the usual effects of autosomal recessive conditions?
Loss of function - having both copies results in a completely malfunctioning protein
What type of pedigree pattern do autosomal recessive conditions show?
Horizontal pedigree
What can increase the risk of autosomal recessive conditions?
Consangious marriages
Why can autosomal recessive conditions skip generations?
Due to the high chance of being a carrier
How are men and women affected with autosomal recessive conditions?
They are affected equally