intro to psych Flashcards

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1
Q

give key features of schizophrenia

A

delusions- fixed false beliefs, persecutory, thought possession and passivity

disorganised speech- neologisms, formal thought disorder

hallucinations

negative symptoms- apathy, social withdrawal, poor self care

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2
Q

what are neologisms?

A

using new words

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3
Q

what is apathy?

A

lack of interest/enthusiasm

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4
Q

give differences between mental and physical illness

A

people don’t perceive themselves to be ill
no scientific basis to diagnosis, more uncertainty
perceived lack of treatment
agents of social control

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5
Q

give symptoms of anxiety

A

psychic anxiety: feeling of fear or dread

physical symptoms: palpitations, sweating, dry mouth, splanchnic vasoconstriction (butterflies), tremor, paraesthesia (pins and needles), depersonalisation, syncope (los of consciousness due to drop in bp)

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6
Q

give symptoms of obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) - obsessions

A

ego-dystonic thoughts (unacceptable, against character)
repetitive, circular ruminations
insight maintained
resistance leads to anxiety

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7
Q

give symptoms of obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) - compulsions

A

motor response to obsessional thoughts
ritualistic, precise
eg. hand washing, counting, checking door locks
start again if interrupted or doubt

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8
Q

what can anxiety be classified as?

A

generalised nxiety isorder, panic disorder, simple phobia, social phobia, agoraphobia, OCD, PTSD

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9
Q

what is agoraphobia

A

extreme fear of being in crowded places or places where escape routes aren’t clearly visible

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10
Q

is anxiety always bad?

A

only a disorder if its excessive, impacts on life or out of context

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11
Q

what is the most common cause of mental disorder?

A

anxiety

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12
Q

whats the lifetime prevalence of anxiety?

A

14-33%

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13
Q

is anxiety more common in males or females?

A

females (2:1)

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14
Q

what is the median onset age of anxiety?

A

11

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15
Q

how can anxiety be treated?

A

medications (eg. Clomipramine) and cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT)

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16
Q

what are the core features of depression?

A

pervasive low mood/sadness
loss of energy (anergia)
loss of enjoyment (anhedonia)

17
Q

what are physical symptoms of depression?

A

loss of appetite, weight loss, poor sleep, loss of libido, constipation, psychomotor slowing or agitation, diurnal (daytime) variation of mood

18
Q

give psychological. symptoms of depression

A

poor concentration, guilt, hopelessness, low self-esteem, indecisive, suicidal ideation, delusions

19
Q

what’s the ratio of male to female suicide

A

3:1

20
Q

what are possible treatments for depression?

A

antidepressants: response after 2-3 weeks
psychological therapies: 12 session CBT
social prescribing: exercise, company

21
Q

how many patients with depression make a full recovery?

A

90%

22
Q

give symptoms of mania

A

elated mood, irritability, over-energized, grandiose (big style), little need for sleep, poor concentration, poor judgement, over-spending, rapid speech

23
Q

give symptoms of schizophrenia

A

hallucinations, delusion, abnormal behaviour, disorganised speech, disturbances of emotions

24
Q

define schizophrenia

A

failing to follow the semantic and syntactic rules of language

(sentences don’t make sense)

25
Q

give treatments of schizophrenia

A

antipsychotics, psychological therapies, family therapy, arts therapies

26
Q

give key features of schizophrenia

A

delusions
disorganised speech
hallucinations
negative symptoms- apathy, social withdrawal, poor social care

27
Q

whats the lifetime risk of depression

A

10%

28
Q

whats the lifetime risk of schizophrenia?

A

1%