intro to psych

Question 1

give key features of schizophrenia

Answer 1

delusions- fixed false beliefs, persecutory, thought possession and passivity

disorganised speech- neologisms, formal thought disorder

hallucinations

negative symptoms- apathy, social withdrawal, poor self care

Question 2

what are neologisms?

Answer 2

using new words

Question 3

what is apathy?

Answer 3

lack of interest/enthusiasm

Question 4

give differences between mental and physical illness

Answer 4

people don’t perceive themselves to be ill
no scientific basis to diagnosis, more uncertainty
perceived lack of treatment
agents of social control

Question 5

give symptoms of anxiety

Answer 5

psychic anxiety: feeling of fear or dread

physical symptoms: palpitations, sweating, dry mouth, splanchnic vasoconstriction (butterflies), tremor, paraesthesia (pins and needles), depersonalisation, syncope (los of consciousness due to drop in bp)

Question 6

give symptoms of obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) - obsessions

Answer 6

ego-dystonic thoughts (unacceptable, against character)
repetitive, circular ruminations
insight maintained
resistance leads to anxiety

Question 7

give symptoms of obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) - compulsions

Answer 7

motor response to obsessional thoughts
ritualistic, precise
eg. hand washing, counting, checking door locks
start again if interrupted or doubt

Question 8

what can anxiety be classified as?

Answer 8

generalised nxiety isorder, panic disorder, simple phobia, social phobia, agoraphobia, OCD, PTSD

Question 9

what is agoraphobia

Answer 9

extreme fear of being in crowded places or places where escape routes aren’t clearly visible

Question 10

is anxiety always bad?

Answer 10

only a disorder if its excessive, impacts on life or out of context

Question 11

what is the most common cause of mental disorder?

Answer 11

anxiety

Question 12

whats the lifetime prevalence of anxiety?

Answer 12

14-33%

Question 13

is anxiety more common in males or females?

Answer 13

females (2:1)

Question 14

what is the median onset age of anxiety?

Answer 14

11

Question 15

how can anxiety be treated?

Answer 15

medications (eg. Clomipramine) and cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT)

Question 16

what are the core features of depression?

Answer 16

pervasive low mood/sadness
loss of energy (anergia)
loss of enjoyment (anhedonia)

Question 17

what are physical symptoms of depression?

Answer 17

loss of appetite, weight loss, poor sleep, loss of libido, constipation, psychomotor slowing or agitation, diurnal (daytime) variation of mood

Question 18

give psychological. symptoms of depression

Answer 18

poor concentration, guilt, hopelessness, low self-esteem, indecisive, suicidal ideation, delusions

Question 19

what’s the ratio of male to female suicide

Answer 19

3:1

Question 20

what are possible treatments for depression?

Answer 20

antidepressants: response after 2-3 weeks
psychological therapies: 12 session CBT
social prescribing: exercise, company

Question 21

how many patients with depression make a full recovery?

Answer 21

90%

Question 22

give symptoms of mania

Answer 22

elated mood, irritability, over-energized, grandiose (big style), little need for sleep, poor concentration, poor judgement, over-spending, rapid speech

Question 23

give symptoms of schizophrenia

Answer 23

hallucinations, delusion, abnormal behaviour, disorganised speech, disturbances of emotions

Question 24

define schizophrenia

Answer 24

failing to follow the semantic and syntactic rules of language

(sentences don’t make sense)

Question 25

give treatments of schizophrenia

Answer 25

antipsychotics, psychological therapies, family therapy, arts therapies

Question 26

give key features of schizophrenia

Answer 26

delusions disorganised speech hallucinations negative symptoms- apathy, social withdrawal, poor social care

Question 27

whats the lifetime risk of depression

Answer 27

10%

Question 28

whats the lifetime risk of schizophrenia?

Answer 28

1%