Modern Biology Flashcards - L5_ Bioethics

Question 1

refers to ethics pertaining to life and how we alter life.

Answer 1

Bioethics

Question 2

Who coined the term bioethics?

Answer 2

Van Rensselaer Potter (1970)

Question 3

a new philosophy that sought to integrate biology, ecology, medicine, and human values.

Answer 3

Bioethics

Question 4

This organization, created by a commission of the US Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, established the basic principles of research on human subjects.

Answer 4

Belmont Report (1978)

Question 5

a seminal work in which they described the four fundamental principles of bioethics:

Answer 5

Principles of Biomedical Ethics

Question 6

Who published the Principles of Biomedical Ethics,

Answer 6

Tom Beauchamp and James Franklin Childress

Question 7

4 Principles of Biomedical Ethics accd to Beauchamp and Childress

Answer 7

Principle of Autonomy, Principle of Beneficence, Principle of Non maleficence, and Principle of Justice.

Question 8

principle that states people should be educated and able to make decisions regarding what happens to them without being influenced.

Answer 8

Principle of Autonomy

Question 9

These are the rights of an individual to self-determination and respect for their ability to make informed decisions about personal matters in freedom.

Answer 9

Principle of Autonomy

Question 10

This refers to actions that promote the welfare of others. In the medical context, this means looking after the interests of patients and their families.

Answer 10

Principle of Beneficience

Question 11

It is embodied in the phrase “first, do no harm” — from the Latin, primum non-nocere —. Not harming the patient, which is part of the Hippocratic Oath, is considered to be of the highest importance.

Answer 11

Principle fo Non-Maleficence

Question 12

This relates to the allocation of scarce health resources and the decision on who receives treatment, as well as the appropriate selection of research participants.

Answer 12

Principle of Justice

Question 13

This principle seeks to eliminate discrimination in biological studies and healthcare.

Answer 13

Principle of Justice

Question 14

the part of environmental philosophy that expands the traditional boundaries of bioethics from being concerned only with human beings to including the rights of all other living beings in our ethical and moral values.

Answer 14

Environmental Bioethics

Question 15

It incorporates questions such as what respect for nature means or whether we can use it and protect it at the same time.

Answer 15

Environmental Bioethics

Question 16

a United Nations (UN) action plan for people and the planet.

Answer 16

The 2030 Agenda and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs):

Question 17

Example of a climate policy which aims to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and prevent global warming.

Answer 17

Paris Agreemen

Question 18

Undifferentiated cells that can become specialized in order to address a therapeutic purpose.

Answer 18

Stem Cells

Question 19

These cells are found within various body tissues in an adult human. When applied therapeutically, they can become any type of cell desired.

Answer 19

Adult Stem Cells

Question 20

These cells come from blastocysts,

Answer 20

Embryonic Stem Cells

Question 21

embryos that are a few days old.

Answer 21

blastocysts

Question 22

How long did Dolly the Sheep last?

Answer 22

7 years

Question 23

the low-temperature freezing and storage of human remains, with the speculative hope that resurrection may be possible in the future.

Answer 23

Cryonics

Question 24

Cryonics came from the Greek word ___ meaning “cold”

Answer 24

kryos

Question 25

The first corpse to be frozen in cryonics

Answer 25

Dr. James Bedford (1967)

Question 26

The freezing of humans was first scientifically proposed by Michigan professor ____

Answer 26

Robert Ettinger