Modern Biology Flashcards - L5_ Bioethics

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
1
Q

refers to ethics pertaining to life and how we alter life.

A

Bioethics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Who coined the term bioethics?

A

Van Rensselaer Potter (1970)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

a new philosophy that sought to integrate biology, ecology, medicine, and human values.

A

Bioethics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

This organization, created by a commission of the US Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, established the basic principles of research on human subjects.

A

Belmont Report (1978)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

a seminal work in which they described the four fundamental principles of bioethics:

A

Principles of Biomedical Ethics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Who published the Principles of Biomedical Ethics,

A

Tom Beauchamp and James Franklin Childress

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

4 Principles of Biomedical Ethics accd to Beauchamp and Childress

A

Principle of Autonomy, Principle of Beneficence, Principle of Non maleficence, and Principle of Justice.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

principle that states people should be educated and able to make decisions regarding what happens to them without being influenced.

A

Principle of Autonomy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

These are the rights of an individual to self-determination and respect for their ability to make informed decisions about personal matters in freedom.

A

Principle of Autonomy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

This refers to actions that promote the welfare of others. In the medical context, this means looking after the interests of patients and their families.

A

Principle of Beneficience

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

It is embodied in the phrase “first, do no harm” — from the Latin, primum non-nocere —. Not harming the patient, which is part of the Hippocratic Oath, is considered to be of the highest importance.

A

Principle fo Non-Maleficence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

This relates to the allocation of scarce health resources and the decision on who receives treatment, as well as the appropriate selection of research participants.

A

Principle of Justice

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

This principle seeks to eliminate discrimination in biological studies and healthcare.

A

Principle of Justice

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

the part of environmental philosophy that expands the traditional boundaries of bioethics from being concerned only with human beings to including the rights of all other living beings in our ethical and moral values.

A

Environmental Bioethics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

It incorporates questions such as what respect for nature means or whether we can use it and protect it at the same time.

A

Environmental Bioethics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

a United Nations (UN) action plan for people and the planet.

A

The 2030 Agenda and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs):

17
Q

Example of a climate policy which aims to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and prevent global warming.

A

Paris Agreemen

18
Q

Undifferentiated cells that can become specialized in order to address a therapeutic purpose.

A

Stem Cells

19
Q

These cells are found within various body tissues in an adult human. When applied therapeutically, they can become any type of cell desired.

A

Adult Stem Cells

20
Q

These cells come from blastocysts,

A

Embryonic Stem Cells

21
Q

embryos that are a few days old.

A

blastocysts

22
Q

How long did Dolly the Sheep last?

A

7 years

23
Q

the low-temperature freezing and storage of human remains, with the speculative hope that resurrection may be possible in the future.

A

Cryonics

24
Q

Cryonics came from the Greek word ___ meaning “cold”

A

kryos

25
Q

The first corpse to be frozen in cryonics

A

Dr. James Bedford (1967)

26
Q

The freezing of humans was first scientifically proposed by Michigan professor ____

A

Robert Ettinger