Modern Biology Flashcards - L5_ Bioethics
refers to ethics pertaining to life and how we alter life.
Bioethics
Who coined the term bioethics?
Van Rensselaer Potter (1970)
a new philosophy that sought to integrate biology, ecology, medicine, and human values.
Bioethics
This organization, created by a commission of the US Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, established the basic principles of research on human subjects.
Belmont Report (1978)
a seminal work in which they described the four fundamental principles of bioethics:
Principles of Biomedical Ethics
Who published the Principles of Biomedical Ethics,
Tom Beauchamp and James Franklin Childress
4 Principles of Biomedical Ethics accd to Beauchamp and Childress
Principle of Autonomy, Principle of Beneficence, Principle of Non maleficence, and Principle of Justice.
principle that states people should be educated and able to make decisions regarding what happens to them without being influenced.
Principle of Autonomy
These are the rights of an individual to self-determination and respect for their ability to make informed decisions about personal matters in freedom.
Principle of Autonomy
This refers to actions that promote the welfare of others. In the medical context, this means looking after the interests of patients and their families.
Principle of Beneficience
It is embodied in the phrase “first, do no harm” — from the Latin, primum non-nocere —. Not harming the patient, which is part of the Hippocratic Oath, is considered to be of the highest importance.
Principle fo Non-Maleficence
This relates to the allocation of scarce health resources and the decision on who receives treatment, as well as the appropriate selection of research participants.
Principle of Justice
This principle seeks to eliminate discrimination in biological studies and healthcare.
Principle of Justice
the part of environmental philosophy that expands the traditional boundaries of bioethics from being concerned only with human beings to including the rights of all other living beings in our ethical and moral values.
Environmental Bioethics
It incorporates questions such as what respect for nature means or whether we can use it and protect it at the same time.
Environmental Bioethics
a United Nations (UN) action plan for people and the planet.
The 2030 Agenda and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs):
Example of a climate policy which aims to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and prevent global warming.
Paris Agreemen
Undifferentiated cells that can become specialized in order to address a therapeutic purpose.
Stem Cells
These cells are found within various body tissues in an adult human. When applied therapeutically, they can become any type of cell desired.
Adult Stem Cells
These cells come from blastocysts,
Embryonic Stem Cells
embryos that are a few days old.
blastocysts
How long did Dolly the Sheep last?
7 years
the low-temperature freezing and storage of human remains, with the speculative hope that resurrection may be possible in the future.
Cryonics
Cryonics came from the Greek word ___ meaning “cold”
kryos
The first corpse to be frozen in cryonics
Dr. James Bedford (1967)
The freezing of humans was first scientifically proposed by Michigan professor ____
Robert Ettinger
