Lesson 1: Characteristics of Life Flashcards
Enumerate the characteristics of Life
response to a stimulus (plural, stimuli), homeostasis, metabolism, growth and development, reproduction, and change through time.
high degree of order within an organism’s internal and external parts and in its interactions with the living world
Organization
What are the levels of Biological Organization (smallest to largest)
Cell, Tissue, Organ, Organ System, Organism, Population, Community, Ecosystem, Biome, Biosphere
Mitochondrion is an example of?
Organelle
Phospholipid is an example of
Biological Molecule
4 main types of biomolecules
Lipids, Carbohydrates, Proteins, Nucleic Acids
structures that carry out specialized jobs within an organ system.
Organs
groups of cells that have similar abilities and that allow the organ to function
Tissue
covered by a membrane, contain all genetic information necessary for replication, and be able to carry out all cell functions
Cell
tiny structures that carry out functions necessary for the cell to stay alive.
Organelles
contain biological molecules, chemical compounds that provide physical structure and that bring about movement, energy use, and other cellular functions.
Organelles
maintenance of a stable level of internal conditions even though environmental conditions are constantly changing.
Homeostasis
To keep a constant temperature, an owl’s cells burn fuel to produce body heat. In addition, an owl’s feathers can fluff up in cold weather. What characteristic of life is shown in this example?
Homeostasis
sum of all the chemical reactions that take in and transform energy and materials from the environment.
Metabolism
plants, algae, and some bacteria use the sun’s energy to generate sugar molecules during a process called photosynthesis. What characteristic of life is shown in this example?
Metabolism
Owls extract and modify the chemicals trapped in its nightly prey and use them as energy to fuel activities and growth. What characteristic of life is shown in this example?
Metabolism
process by which an organism becomes a mature adult., which involves cell division and cell differentiation, or specialization
Development
essential for the continuation of a species.
Reproduction
What does DNA stand for?
Deoxyribonucleic Acid
A short segment of DNA that contains the instructions for a single trait of an organism
Gene
In this process, hereditary information recombines from two organisms of the same species. The resulting offspring are similar but not identical to their parents.
Sexual Reproduction
In this process, hereditary information from different organisms is not combined; thus the original organism and the new organism are genetically the same.
Asexual
Biologists have identified more than ___ species on Earth
1.5 million
Enumerate the Hierarchy of Biological Organization (Largest to smallest)
Domain, Kingdom, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species
Enumerate the 3 Domains
Bacteria, Archaea , Eukarya
Ecosystem came from the Greek words, “” and “”, meaning “” and “” respectively
eco and system ; house and ordered parts in a whole
Enumerate the 6 Kingdoms
Animalia, Plantae, Fungi, Protista, Archaea, Bacteria
communities of living species and their physical environments.
Ecosystem
process in which the inherited characteristics within populations change over generations, such that genetically distinct populations and new species can develop
Evolution (Descent with Modification)
According to this theory, organisms that have certain favorable traits are better able to survive and reproduce successfully than organisms that lack these traits.
Natural Selection
Traits that improve an individual’s ability to survive and reproduce.
Adaptation
helps us understand how the various branches of the “tree of life” came into existence and have changed over time.
Evolution
Cell came from the Latin word, “” meaning “”
cella ; small room or hut
Simplest particle of an element that retains all the properties of a certain element.
Atom
formation of two new cells from an existing cell
Cell Division
How many cells does a whale have?
about 1000 trillion
