Modern Biology Flashcards - L2_ Virus and Bacteria
Viruses are measured in what?
millimicrons (mu)
Who gave the first vaccination for smallpox?
Edward Jenner (1796)
Who first developed the vaccination for rabies?
Louis Pasteur
Who coined the term ‘virus’?
Martinus Beijerinck
virus’ came from the Latin word meaning __
poison
Who first discovered the existence of viruses?
Dr. Wendell Stanley (1935)
any cell attacked by a virus.
Host Cell
It refers to the strength of the virus
virulence
Classification of Viruses
Bacterial, Plant, Human and Animal Viruses
They have round or many-sided heads, and slender tails with several fibers for attaching to bacteria.
Bacteriophages (bacteria eater)
When and where was the first discovery of phages
England, 1915
It refers to the protein coat in the core of bacteriophages
Capsid
They received the Nobel prize for their work showing that cancer viruses make an enzyme that affects human DNA.
Temin, Baltimore, and Dulbecco (1975)
They may have been the first form of life on earth.
Bacteria
a center for making alcohol by fermentation of the juice of sugar beets.
City of Lille
Louis Pasteur’s most important discovery
Germ Theory
According to this theory, bacteria could not only affect fermentation but could cause diseases.
Germ Theory
bacteria make up the protist phylum ____
Schizomycophyta
Schizomycophyta’ means ___
fission fungi
Basic Shapes/Forms of Bacteria
Coccus, bacillus, spirillum
sphere-shaped cells
coccus
rod-shaped cells
bacillus
cells shaped like bent rods or corkscrews.
sprillum
cells often joined in pairs or short filaments
diplococcus
clusters of cells
staphylococcus
filaments, or strings, of cells
streptococcus
four cells arranged in a square
tetrad
cubes or similar groups of cells
sarcina
rod-shaped cells in pairs
diplobacillus
rod-shaped cells joined end to end, forming a filament
streptobacillus
Refers to the thick slime layer in bacteria
Capsule
Certain bacillus and spirillum bacteria move by means of ___
Flagella
True movement, ___, by means of flagella is a quivering, twisting motion.
Motility
flowing or bouncing motion of bacteria
Brownian Movement
Conditions most important to bacteria for normal activity
Temperature, Moisture, Darkness, Food
Organisms that are able to make their own food from inorganic matter
Autotrophs
Process of producing energy by breaking down inorganic compounds of iron, sulfur, or nitrogen.
Chemosynthesis
Organisms that depend upon other living things for food
Heterotrophs
they use nonliving or dead organic matter for food.
Saprophytes
These forms invade the bodies of plants and animals and take their food directly from living tissue.
Parasite
The organism invaded by a parasite
host
It involves heating liquids at high temperatures to kill bacteria
Pasteurization
A method that involves killing all bacteria present, then sealing the food in a container.
Canning
