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abnormal psych > models > Flashcards

models Flashcards

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1
Q

biological model

A

examine biological basis for thoughts, behaviors and emotions

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2
Q

what causes dysfunction according to the biological model?

A

brain dysfunction due to brain anatomy, chemistry and circuitry, or peripheral physical illness

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3
Q

what are the sources of abnormality according to the biological model?

A
  1. genetics
  2. diathesis-stress model
  3. viral infections
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4
Q

epigenetics

A

underlying vulnerabilities and inherited tendencies to develop certain characteristics upon interaction with environmental stressors

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5
Q

biological treatments

A
  • psychotropic medication
  • brain stimulation
  • neurosurgery
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6
Q

evaluation of biological model

A
  • strong research support
  • meds have side effects
  • ignores other possible influences besides biology
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7
Q

psychodynamic model

A

behavior, thoughts and emotions are driven by unconscious psychological forces

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8
Q

what causes dysfunction according to the psychodynamic model?

A
  1. early experiences
  2. conflicts between forces and drives
  3. problems with defense mechanisms
  4. fixation (stuck in developmental stage)
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9
Q

defense mechanisms

A
  1. repression
  2. denial
  3. projection
  4. reaction formation
  5. displacement
  6. regression
  7. sublimation
  8. rationalization
  9. intellectualization
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10
Q

repression

A

move out of consciousness, typically in response to internal threats

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11
Q

denial

A

refuse to accept truth of reality or acknowledge external source of distress, typically in response to external threats

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12
Q

projection

A

projecting one’s own insecurities and distress onto others

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13
Q

reaction formation

A

crusade against internal urges that they have trouble controlling themselves

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14
Q

displacement

A

displace negative emotions from one object to something else

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15
Q

regression

A

revert back to childlike emotional states

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16
Q

sublimation

A

convert unacceptable impulses into socially acceptable behaviors

17
Q

rationalization

A

come up with socially acceptable reasons for unacceptable failures

18
Q

intellectualization

A

neutralize unpleasant feelings by creating emotional detachment to it

19
Q

psychodynamic therapy techniques

A
  • free association
  • interpretations (resistance, transference)
  • catharsis
  • dream analysis
20
Q

behavioral model

A

behavior is shaped by experiences

21
Q

what causes dysfunction according to the behavioral model?

A

operant and classical conditioning produces behaviors that are maladaptive

22
Q

operant conditioning

A

reinforcements/rewards shape behavior, punishments decrease likelihood of behavior
positive = adding stimulus
negative = removing stimulus

23
Q

modeling

A

learn by observing others’ behavior and imitating it if it results in a positive consequence

24
Q

classical conditioning

A

two events that occur closely together are associated, reacting to one as if the other were happening

25
Q

extinction

A

gradual weakening of conditioned response to results in behavior disappearing entirely

26
Q

cognitive model

A

assumptions, attitudes, and interpretations of events influence people’s perceptions and conclusions

27
Q

what causes dysfunction according to the cognitive model?

A

maladaptive cognitive patterns lead to misinterpretations of events, distress, or other maladaptive behaviors

28
Q

humanists believe…

A

people are driven to self actualize (fulfill natural tendency to be friendly & experience personal growth)

29
Q

existentialists believe…

A

people must have authentic lives to function well

30
Q

what causes dysfunction according to the humanist model?

A

if one does not self-actualize or pursue self-satisfying goals, attributed to self-regard that is especially influenced by parents

31
Q

Roger’s client-centered therapy

A

unconditional supportive environment to help clients view themselves honestly and accept self

32
Q

Gestalt therapy

A

guide clients to self-recognition and self-acceptance through skillful frustration and roleplaying

33
Q

what causes dysfunction according to the existential model?

A

being inauthentic, and failing to realize responsibility that gives life meaning

34
Q

existentialist therapy

A

focus on therapist-client relationship, help client reflect on life and choose to live more meaningfully

35
Q

evaluation of behavioral model

A

good empirical evidence for treatment
unclear whether symptoms are truly acquired from conditioning/modeling
leaves out cognitive aspect (anticipation and interpretation of situations)

36
Q

evaluation of humanistic-existential model

A

broadly appealing, focuses on areas missing in other models

abnormal psych (9 decks)

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