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BMS109 Develpomental > Model Organisms > Flashcards

Model Organisms Flashcards

1
Q

what are the advantages of drosophila

A

small organism, short generation time, large batches of embryos

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2
Q

What are the genetic advantages of drosophila

A

sequenced genome, detail cytological & genetic map

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3
Q

What are the useful techniques for drosophila

A

mutagenesis, transgenesis, clonal analysis

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4
Q

What are the disadvantages of drosophila

A

small embryo - cannot be used for grafting experiments

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5
Q

describe the egg development of drosophila

A

develop in egg chambers, 1 oocyte & 15 nurse cells

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6
Q

what do the nurse cells provide in drosophila

A

maternal stores for oocyte

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7
Q

Describe the blastoderm of the drosophila

A

syncytial

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8
Q

Describe a syncytial blastoderm

A

all cleavage nuclei are within a common cytoplasm

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9
Q

How many segments does the drosophila have

A

14

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10
Q

how many cells is C.Elegans made of

A

959

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11
Q

What are the stages of C.Elegans development

A

pronuclei fuse, first cleavage, invariant lineage

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12
Q

Describe invariant lineage

A

every cell develops in the same way

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13
Q

What are the advantages of C.Elegans

A

Small, short generation time, hermaphrodite

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14
Q

What are the genetic advantages of C.Elegans

A

sequenced genome, invariant lineage

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15
Q

What are the useful techniques used on C.Elegans

A

mutagenesis, cell ablation, RNAi

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16
Q

What are the advantages of danio rerio

A

small vertebrate, large embryo batches, transparent embryo, haploid development possible, easy access

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17
Q

What are the useful techniques used on danio rerio

A

mutagenesis, cell transplantations, injections, transgenesis

18
Q

What are the disadvantages of danio rerio

A

large genome

19
Q

What symptoms are associated with cls zebrafish mutant

A

ear defects, less pigment cells, un-inflated swim bladder, enteric neurons missing

20
Q

What is the cls zebrafish mutant a model for

A

waardenburg syndrome type IV

21
Q

Describe unstable transgenes

A

stays in the nucleus

22
Q

describe the expression of unstable transgenes

A

extrachromosomal expression that is lost over time

23
Q

What is a transgenic animal

A

animal that carries a gene incorporated into genome by recombinant technology

24
Q

describe the integration of stable transgenes

A

permanent integration into chromosome

25
Q

What are the advantages of mouse

A

small vertebrate, mammal, ES cells

26
Q

What useful techniques can be used on mice

A

targeted transgenesis, mutagenesis

27
Q

What are the disadvantages of mice

A

poor accessibility, small batches of embryos, expensive

28
Q

What human diseases have been modelled using knockouts

A

cystic fibrosis, atherosclerosis

29
Q

What characteristics are required for physical manipulation

A

large robust embryo, resistance to infection

30
Q

What process was the sea urchin used to illustrate

A

gastrulation

31
Q

What did isolating the sea urchin animal halves at the 8 cell stage produce

A

abnormal embryos

32
Q

What organisms undergo holoblastic cleavage

A

worm, xenopus, mouse and human

33
Q

What organism undergo meroblastic cleavage

A

zebrafish, and chick

34
Q

What organism undergo superficial cleavage

A

drosophila

35
Q

what are the advantages of xenopus

A

external fertilisation, large batches of embryo, robust embryo,

36
Q

What useful techniques can be used on xenopus

A

injections, tissue transplants and transgenesis

37
Q

What are the disadvantages of xenous

A

long generation time and yolky embryo

38
Q

What are the advantages of the chicken

A

big embryo, amniote

39
Q

What are the disadvantages of the chicken

A

not accessible early, genetic analysis difficult

40
Q

what useful techniques can be used on the chicken

A

tissue transplantations, retroviral infection, electroporation

BMS109 Develpomental (13 decks)

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