Making an Axis Flashcards
Where are maternal genes expressed
mothers ovaries
What do maternal genes produce
mRNAs
What do maternal mRNAs encode
transcriptional & translational regulatory proteins
What do bicoid and hunchback regulate
production of anterior structures
What genes regulate formation of posterior parts of the embryo
nanos & caudal
What does dorsal ectoderm form in drosophila
epidermis
What does neurectoderm form in drosophila
nervous system
what does mesoderm form in drosophila
muscle
Which germ layer is the most ventral part of the drosophila blastoderm
mesoderm
What are the genes in the dorsalised class
dorsal, spatzle and toll
What are dorsalised gene class required for
development of ventral cell fates in embryo
What is the ventralised class gene
cactus
What are ventralised genes required for
development of dorsal cell fates in embryo
What molecule is the most downstream in dorsal-toll pathway
dorsal
What is spatzle
ligand fragment
What is toll
transmembrane receptor
What is dorsal
transcription factor
How is dorsal distributed in the cytoplasm
uniformly distributed
describe dorsal distribution in nuclei
high in ventral nuclei
Where is toll most active
ventral side
Where is active spatzle fragment present
ventral side - in perivitelline space
What is the function of dorsal
activate transcription of zygotic genes and repress transcription of other zygotic genes
What zygotic genes are activated by dorsal
mesoderm on ventral side - twist and snail
What zygotic genes are repressed by dorsal
dpp on the dorsal side
TRUE or FALSE - dorsal acts as a morphogen
TRUE
Where is dpp expressed
dorsal region
Where is twist expressed
ventral side
What is the function of feedback loops on gene expression
stabilise
Which molecule is auto-regulatory
twist
where is rhomboid exhibited
laterally
What happens to mesodermal genes in ventralised mutants
twist and snail are activated throughout the entire embryo
What happens to dpp in ventralised mutants
repressed throughout the entire embryo
What fate do cells adopt in ventralised mutants
ventral mesodermal fate
Describe the distribution of dorsal in dorsalised mutants
excluded from ALL nuclei
What fate do ALL cells adopt in dorsalised mutants
dorsal fate
what does dpp code for
secreted signalling molecules
What happens to cells expressing twist and snail during gastrulation
move inside the embryo
what is twist
nuclear protein
Where is toll used
innate immune response of drosophila
what is dpp a homologue of
vertebrate bone morphogenetic proteins
