Making an Axis

Question 1

Where are maternal genes expressed

Answer 1

mothers ovaries

Question 2

What do maternal genes produce

Answer 2

mRNAs

Question 3

What do maternal mRNAs encode

Answer 3

transcriptional & translational regulatory proteins

Question 4

What do bicoid and hunchback regulate

Answer 4

production of anterior structures

Question 5

What genes regulate formation of posterior parts of the embryo

Answer 5

nanos & caudal

Question 6

What does dorsal ectoderm form in drosophila

Answer 6

epidermis

Question 7

What does neurectoderm form in drosophila

Answer 7

nervous system

Question 8

what does mesoderm form in drosophila

Answer 8

muscle

Question 9

Which germ layer is the most ventral part of the drosophila blastoderm

Answer 9

mesoderm

Question 10

What are the genes in the dorsalised class

Answer 10

dorsal, spatzle and toll

Question 11

What are dorsalised gene class required for

Answer 11

development of ventral cell fates in embryo

Question 12

What is the ventralised class gene

Answer 12

cactus

Question 13

What are ventralised genes required for

Answer 13

development of dorsal cell fates in embryo

Question 14

What molecule is the most downstream in dorsal-toll pathway

Answer 14

dorsal

Question 15

What is spatzle

Answer 15

ligand fragment

Question 16

What is toll

Answer 16

transmembrane receptor

Question 17

What is dorsal

Answer 17

transcription factor

Question 18

How is dorsal distributed in the cytoplasm

Answer 18

uniformly distributed

Question 19

describe dorsal distribution in nuclei

Answer 19

high in ventral nuclei

Question 20

Where is toll most active

Answer 20

ventral side

Question 21

Where is active spatzle fragment present

Answer 21

ventral side - in perivitelline space

Question 22

What is the function of dorsal

Answer 22

activate transcription of zygotic genes and repress transcription of other zygotic genes

Question 23

What zygotic genes are activated by dorsal

Answer 23

mesoderm on ventral side - twist and snail

Question 24

What zygotic genes are repressed by dorsal

Answer 24

dpp on the dorsal side

Question 25

TRUE or FALSE - dorsal acts as a morphogen

Answer 25

TRUE

Question 26

Where is dpp expressed

Answer 26

dorsal region

Question 27

Where is twist expressed

Answer 27

ventral side

Question 28

What is the function of feedback loops on gene expression

Answer 28

stabilise

Question 29

Which molecule is auto-regulatory

Answer 29

twist

Question 30

where is rhomboid exhibited

Answer 30

laterally

Question 31

What happens to mesodermal genes in ventralised mutants

Answer 31

twist and snail are activated throughout the entire embryo

Question 32

What happens to dpp in ventralised mutants

Answer 32

repressed throughout the entire embryo

Question 33

What fate do cells adopt in ventralised mutants

Answer 33

ventral mesodermal fate

Question 34

Describe the distribution of dorsal in dorsalised mutants

Answer 34

excluded from ALL nuclei

Question 35

What fate do ALL cells adopt in dorsalised mutants

Answer 35

dorsal fate

Question 36

what does dpp code for

Answer 36

secreted signalling molecules

Question 37

What happens to cells expressing twist and snail during gastrulation

Answer 37

move inside the embryo

Question 38

what is twist

Answer 38

nuclear protein

Question 39

Where is toll used

Answer 39

innate immune response of drosophila

Question 40

what is dpp a homologue of

Answer 40

vertebrate bone morphogenetic proteins