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BMS109 Develpomental > Differentiation > Flashcards

Differentiation Flashcards

1
Q

When is gene expression regulated

A

transcriptionally, post-transcriptionally, translationally & post-translation

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2
Q

What are the types of gene expression regulation post-transcription

A

RNA splicing, nuclear transport

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3
Q

What regulates transcription

A

promoter and enhancer sequences, transcription factors

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4
Q

What does transcription factor activity depend on

A

extrinsic & intrinsic factors, regulatory binding sites, accessibility of chromatin

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5
Q

What can somites become

A

skeletal muscle, dermatome, myotome, and sclerotome

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6
Q

What do dermatomes become

A

dermis

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7
Q

What does the myotome become

A

skeletal muscle

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8
Q

What does the sclerotome become

A

vertebrae and ribs

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9
Q

What do mesodermal progenitors give rise to

A

myoblasts

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10
Q

what do myoblasts give rise to

A

multi-nucleate myotube

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11
Q

what do multi-nucleate myotubes give rise to

A

muscle fibres

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12
Q

describe the determination of mesodermal progenitors

A

uncommitted

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13
Q

TRUE or FALSE - myoblasts express muscle specific proteins

A

FALSE

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14
Q

Which type of cell in skeletal muscle development express muscle specific proteins

A

multi-nucleate myotubes

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15
Q

What are the muscle specific proteins

A

muscle specific actin, myosin II, tropomyosin, muscle specific enzymes

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16
Q

What is MyoD

A

transcription factor

17
Q

Where is MyoD expressed

A

early on in muscle precursors

18
Q

What does MyoD control

A

expression of genes for muscle differentiation

19
Q

How is MyoD maintained

A

maintains own expression - in a positive feedback loop

20
Q

TRUE or FALSE - fibroblasts express MyoD

A

False

21
Q

TRUE or FALSE - MyoD is sufficient to direct muscle cell fate

A

TRUE

22
Q

What happens to muscle development in mice if they lack MyoD

A

skeletal muscle develops normally

23
Q

What happens to muscle development in mice if they lack MyoD and Myf5

A

lack ALL skeletal muscle

24
Q

Where do stem cells lie in human epidermis

A

basal layer

25
Q

What cells lie in the human epidermis

A

stratified epithelium

26
Q

What separates the epidermis from the dermis

A

basal lamina

27
Q

What adult stem cells are present in skeletal muscle

A

satellite cells

28
Q

what is the function of satellite cells

A

proliferate and differentiate if muscle is damaged

29
Q

Where do satellite cells lie

A

between basal lamina and cell membrane of mature muscle fibres

30
Q

What do satellite cells in skeletal muscle express

A

specific marker proteins

31
Q

What is apoptosis used for in development

A

inter-digit cells in limbs, neurons in CNS

32
Q

Why do differentiated tissues retain some stem cells

A

cell renewal and repair

BMS109 Develpomental (13 decks)

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