Mod 9 micropara lec Flashcards by Roanne Gamit

require to acquire or cause the disease of 50% inoculated test animals

Infectious dose 50%

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pathogens enter the g.i tract at one end and exit at the other end

fecal-oral disease

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helps resist digestion after phagocytosis

Waxes (mycolic acid)

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contain powerful hydrolytic enzymes that cause tissue damage

lysosomes

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degree pathogenicity

virulence

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with few or no obvious symptoms

subclinical infection

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not transmitted from one person to another

non communicable disease

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cell wall of mycobacterium tuberculosis

Waxes (mycolic acid)

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ability to cause disease

pathogenicity

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5,000 to 10,000 spores

inhalation anthrax

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infection with obvious/observable detectable symptoms (symptomatic)

clinical infection

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attacks certain wbc

leukocidins

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inflammation in tonsil

tonsilitis

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outermembrane proteins that mediates bacterial adherence to host cell receptor

adhesins

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entrance through contaminated food water finger & hands

GI. tract

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blood clot protects bacteria from phagocytosis

coagulase

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10 cells only

Enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli

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It is cause by the presence or growth of infectious microorganisms or parasites

infectious disease

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bacterial cell surface function in attachment process

fimbriae & pili

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study of transmission of disease

epidemiology

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mucus membrane that cover eyeball and lines the eyelid

conjunctiva

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inflammation of the heart chambers

endocarditis

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mediates attachment and helps resist phagocytosis

M protein

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infection caused by microorganisms from the host’s environment

opportunistic infection

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a microbe’s toxin that will kill 50% experimentally inoculated animal

lethal dose 50%

releases & ruptures lysosomes

Leukocidins

Present in a group of person or geographic area

endemic disease

Can be transferred from one person to another

Communicable disease

microbes inhaled into mouth or nose in droplets of moisture or dust particles

respiratory tract

source of infectious agent

Reservoir of infection

common disease contracted via respiratory tract (eye disease)

trachoma - chlamydia trachomatis

100,000,000 cells

vibrio cholerae

cell component that is heat & acid resistant

M protein

Can multiply inside WBC

Waxes (mycolic acid)

causes lysis of RBC

Hemolysins

presence of infectious fungus

fungemia

Greater than usual percentage of specific population

Epidemic Disease

Outbreak that affects one or more population

Epidemic disease

kills wbc to prevent phagocytosis

Leukocidins

all pathogens have means to attach to host tissue

adherence

do not secrete hemolysin

gamma

The one who carries the infectious agent w/o manifesting the symptoms, yet can transmit the agent to another individual

Carrier

prevent phagocytosis

capsule

causes complete lysis

beta

inflammation in pharynx

pharygitis

located at the end of fimbrae

adhesins

causes incomplete lysis of rbc

alpha

Inanimate object capable to be an intermediate in an indirect transmission of an infectious agent

Fomites

deviation from a condition of good health and well being

disease

microbes in g.i tract us destroyed by

HCL

easiest and most frequently traveled portal of entry

respiratory tract

Constantly present in a certain percentage of population

Endemic disease

presence of infectious bacteria

bacteremia

tissues below the skin

parenteral

Outbreak that affects worldwide

Pandemic

presence of infectious virus

viremia

microorganisms that causes diseases

pathogens

presence of infectious agent in the bloodstream

septicemia

lodgement (a place which person/ object is located multiplication of microorganisms in the tissue of the host

infection

found on cell surface & fimbrae of streptococci pyogens

M proteins

breaksdown hyaluronic acid

hyaluronidase

facilities the spread of large molecules and toxins

spreading factor

breaks down collagen

collagenase

bacterial infection cause by clostridium

gas gangrene, tetanus & botulism

death tissue cells

necrotizing factor

flesh eating bacteria

necrotizing factor

destroys lecithin

lecithinase

essential plasma membrane in human body

lecithin

allowing pathogen to spread

lecithinase

poisonous substance produced by microorganisms

toxins

how many known bacterial toxins

220

how many percent does disease by damaging the eukaryotic cell membrane

40%

toxins of bloodstream

toxemia

capacity of microorganisms to produce toxins

toxigenicity

source of toxin

gram + & -

toxin produced inside gram negative

exotoxin

toxin that seen in gram positive

exotoxin

toxin that located in plasmid and phages

exotoxin

toxin that kill cells

cytotoxins

toxin that interfere to the normal nerve impluse

neurotoxin

first known as sausage disease

botulism

result muscle paralysis

botulism

inhibition of muscle relaxation

tetanus

spasms or lock jaw

tetanospasmin

toxins that effects cells of gastrointestinal tract (cholera)

enterotoxin

toxin that part of the outer portion of the cell

endotoxin

toxin that lipid portion of lipopolysaccharides

endotoxin

organisms produce endotoxin

salmonella, pseudomonas,neisseria

antibodies against the toxin

antitoxin

A modified toxin by heat, chemical and radiation that lost toxicity

toxoid

generalized stages of infection

1 incubation period 2 prodromal symptoms 3 invasive period 4 decline of infection 5 convalescence

recovery period

covalenscence

increasing the severity of symptoms

invasive period

may spread to other sites

invasive period

initial symptoms

prodromal symptoms

exposure/contact with microbes

incubation period

1st appearance of symptoms

incubation period

asymptomatic period

incubation period

symptoms begins to dissapear

decline of infection

person to person skin contact, airborne

direct mechanisms

food, waterborne transmission or fomites

indirect mechanism

an animal can transmit infectious agent to the human

animal vector

physically transmitted but not incubate or grow in the anumal

mechanical animal vector

infectious agent must incubate in the animal host

biological animal vector

rapid progression w severe symptoms

acute infection

delayed onset and slow progression of infection

chronic infection

occurs in healthy individual

primary infection

infected with a different pathogen

secondary infection

infection in specific region of host

localized infection

spread within the host body

systematic infection