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microparasitology > MOD 10 HOST DEFENSE AGAINTS INVADING MICROBES > Flashcards

MOD 10 HOST DEFENSE AGAINTS INVADING MICROBES Flashcards

1
Q

cause of disease

A

agent

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2
Q

harbor the disease

A

host

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3
Q

surrounding that cause and allow disease transmission

A

environment

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4
Q

incubation period life expectancy of host or pathogen

A

time

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5
Q

body response to the disease and injury

A

immune system

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6
Q

how disease can be prevented

A

when the one of the elements of the triangle removed from existence so that the disease can no longer continue

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7
Q

limit the burden of pathogen

A

host resistance

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8
Q

large doses of pathogens will always overpower the host

A

dosage

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9
Q

degree of pathogenicity

A

virulence

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10
Q

two types of immune system is

A

innate and adaptive immunity

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11
Q

inborn or natural immunity

A

innate immunity

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12
Q

immunity that still have to induced because it’s not always active

A

adaptive immunity

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13
Q

it synthesized & release antibodies

A

plasma cells

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14
Q

component of adaptive immunity

A

b lymphocytes and t lymphocytes

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15
Q

process of formation and development of new blood and cells from hematopoietic stem cells

A

hematopoiesis

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16
Q

3 types of granulocytes

A

basophil neutrophil eosinophil

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17
Q

can cause fungi and bacterial infection

A

neutrophil (when the neutrophil increases it will indicate bacterial infection)

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18
Q

causes parasitic infection

A

eosinophil

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19
Q

causes allergic reaction and become mask cells and produce anti histamine

A

basophil

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20
Q

when reach the tissue of a macrophage what is it called

A

pagocytic

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21
Q

natural killer cell - direct killing while liberating enzyme causes (virus)

A

large granular lymphocytes

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22
Q

not a WBC

A

erythrocytes & platelet

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23
Q

can distinguish what bacteria and virus but cannot distinguish the specificity & diversity

A

innate immunity

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24
Q

can recognize large number of microbial and non - microbial substances specificity & diversity

A

adaptive immunity

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25
Q

3 essential function of innate fuction

A

initial response prevents control eliminate
eliminate damage cells and process tissue paper
stimulates adaptive immunity

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26
Q

skin, cilia mucus membrane

A

physical - mechanical barrier

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27
Q

saliva acidity of stomach defensins & cathelicidin

A

chemical barrier

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28
Q

low molecular weight protein that stimulate or inhibit differentiation proliferation or function of immune cells

A

cytokine barrier

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29
Q

certain white blood cells macrophages Nk cells complement systems

A

cellular barrier

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30
Q

produce epithelial cells of mucosal surface

A

defensins

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31
Q

produced by neutrophils and barrier epithelial cell in the skin

A

cathelicidin

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32
Q

two types or internal defenses

A

cellular barrier & cytokine barrier

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33
Q

messenger molecule that can stimulate the function of immune cells

A

cytokine barrier

34
Q

types of external defenses barrier

A

physical barrier and physiological (chemical) barrier

35
Q

PAMPS

A

pathogen associated molecular pattern

36
Q

microbes that are not present on normal host

A

pathogen associated molecular pattern

37
Q

released from damage/necrotic host cell

A

DAMPS - damage associated molecular pattern

38
Q

recognize shared structures

A

PATTERN RECOGNITION RECEPTOR (PRRs)

39
Q

what TLR 1 can recognize bacterial peptidoglycan

A

TLR 1

40
Q

what TLR can recognize viral dsRNA, ssRNA

A

TLR 3

41
Q

what TLR can recognize flagellin

A

TLR 5

42
Q

mediate immune and inflammatory reaction and responsible for communication

A

cytokines

43
Q

plasma membrane that is recruited by cytokine from circulation to the site the agent is located

A

leukocytes

44
Q

leukocytes and protein are activated and work together to destroy the offending substance

A

leukocytes

45
Q

increased blood flow

A

redness

46
Q

increased metabolic activity

A

heat

47
Q

increase fluid loss

A

swelling

48
Q

stimulation of pain receptors

A

pain

49
Q

inflammation symptoms

A

redness
heat
swelling
pain
loss function

50
Q

hallmark of working innate immunity

A

inflammation

51
Q

adaptive immunity has two types

A

antibody mediated
cell-mediated immunity

52
Q

response to the exposure of foreign structures

A

antigen

53
Q

exist in two forms

A

membrane bound antibodies
secreted antibodies

54
Q

neutralization and elimination of microbes and microbial toxins

A

antibody function

55
Q

binds the toxin and neutralizing the activity that can no longer be infectious and pathogenic

A

neutralization of microbes and toxins

56
Q

target cells covered by antibodies and consequently aim to destroy the target cell

A

antibody- dependent cellular cytotoxicity

57
Q

tag of foreign pathogens that helps for elimination

A

opsonins

58
Q

immune process uses opsonins

A

opsonizatiin and phagocytosis

59
Q

ability to cause or death to other cells

A

cytotoxity

60
Q

antibody structure

A

heavy chain
determine isotype of antibody
classified based on amino acid

61
Q

five major classes of constant region of Ab heavy chains

A

Gamme - IgG
Mu - IgM
Alpha - IgA
Epsilon - IgE
Delta - IgD

62
Q

properties of IgA

A

mucus saliva & breast milk

63
Q

properties of IgD

A

part of B cell and basophil and mast cell

64
Q

properties of IgE

A

protects from parasitic worms responsible for allergic reaction

65
Q

properties IgG

A

secreted by plasma membrane able to across from placenta to fetus

66
Q

properties of IgM

A

responsible for early stages immunity

67
Q

response activation of naive B cells

A

primary response

68
Q

response by memory cells B

A

secondary response

69
Q

acquire from someone or something else

A

passive immunity

70
Q

develops after exposed ti an infection or from getting vaccination

A

active immunity

71
Q

antibodies made after exposure to an infection

A

natural

72
Q

antibodies made after getting a vaccination

A

artificial

73
Q

antibodies transmitted from mother to baby (eg breastmilk)

A

natural

74
Q

antibodies acquired from an immune serum medicine

A

artificial

75
Q

prime humoral and cellular immune responses against pathogens or their toxins without simultaneously causing disease

A

vaccinations

76
Q

cell mediated immunity also called

A

t cells

77
Q

recognition of bacterial peptidoglycan

A

toll like receptor 1

78
Q

immune cells can recognize pamps & damps

A

immune cells through pattern recognition receptors

79
Q

indentify viral dsRNA ssRNA

A

TLR 3

80
Q

recognizing flagellin

A

TLR 5

81
Q

PHAGOCYTE RELEASE CYTOKINE

A

remind

microparasitology (7 decks)

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