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microparasitology > MOD 10 HOST DEFENSE AGAINTS INVADING MICROBES > Flashcards

MOD 10 HOST DEFENSE AGAINTS INVADING MICROBES Flashcards

1
Q

cause of disease

A

agent

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2
Q

harbor the disease

A

host

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3
Q

surrounding that cause and allow disease transmission

A

environment

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4
Q

incubation period life expectancy of host or pathogen

A

time

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5
Q

body response to the disease and injury

A

immune system

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6
Q

how disease can be prevented

A

when the one of the elements of the triangle removed from existence so that the disease can no longer continue

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7
Q

limit the burden of pathogen

A

host resistance

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8
Q

large doses of pathogens will always overpower the host

A

dosage

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9
Q

degree of pathogenicity

A

virulence

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10
Q

two types of immune system is

A

innate and adaptive immunity

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11
Q

inborn or natural immunity

A

innate immunity

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12
Q

immunity that still have to induced because it’s not always active

A

adaptive immunity

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13
Q

it synthesized & release antibodies

A

plasma cells

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14
Q

component of adaptive immunity

A

b lymphocytes and t lymphocytes

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15
Q

process of formation and development of new blood and cells from hematopoietic stem cells

A

hematopoiesis

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16
Q

3 types of granulocytes

A

basophil neutrophil eosinophil

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17
Q

can cause fungi and bacterial infection

A

neutrophil (when the neutrophil increases it will indicate bacterial infection)

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18
Q

causes parasitic infection

A

eosinophil

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19
Q

causes allergic reaction and become mask cells and produce anti histamine

A

basophil

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20
Q

when reach the tissue of a macrophage what is it called

A

pagocytic

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21
Q

natural killer cell - direct killing while liberating enzyme causes (virus)

A

large granular lymphocytes

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22
Q

not a WBC

A

erythrocytes & platelet

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23
Q

can distinguish what bacteria and virus but cannot distinguish the specificity & diversity

A

innate immunity

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24
Q

can recognize large number of microbial and non - microbial substances specificity & diversity

A

adaptive immunity

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25
3 essential function of innate fuction
initial response prevents control eliminate eliminate damage cells and process tissue paper stimulates adaptive immunity
26
skin, cilia mucus membrane
physical - mechanical barrier
27
saliva acidity of stomach defensins & cathelicidin
chemical barrier
28
low molecular weight protein that stimulate or inhibit differentiation proliferation or function of immune cells
cytokine barrier
29
certain white blood cells macrophages Nk cells complement systems
cellular barrier
30
produce epithelial cells of mucosal surface
defensins
31
produced by neutrophils and barrier epithelial cell in the skin
cathelicidin
32
two types or internal defenses
cellular barrier & cytokine barrier
33
messenger molecule that can stimulate the function of immune cells
cytokine barrier
34
types of external defenses barrier
physical barrier and physiological (chemical) barrier
35
PAMPS
pathogen associated molecular pattern
36
microbes that are not present on normal host
pathogen associated molecular pattern
37
released from damage/necrotic host cell
DAMPS - damage associated molecular pattern
38
recognize shared structures
PATTERN RECOGNITION RECEPTOR (PRRs)
39
what TLR 1 can recognize bacterial peptidoglycan
TLR 1
40
what TLR can recognize viral dsRNA, ssRNA
TLR 3
41
what TLR can recognize flagellin
TLR 5
42
mediate immune and inflammatory reaction and responsible for communication
cytokines
43
plasma membrane that is recruited by cytokine from circulation to the site the agent is located
leukocytes
44
leukocytes and protein are activated and work together to destroy the offending substance
leukocytes
45
increased blood flow
redness
46
increased metabolic activity
heat
47
increase fluid loss
swelling
48
stimulation of pain receptors
pain
49
inflammation symptoms
redness heat swelling pain loss function
50
hallmark of working innate immunity
inflammation
51
adaptive immunity has two types
antibody mediated cell-mediated immunity
52
response to the exposure of foreign structures
antigen
53
exist in two forms
membrane bound antibodies secreted antibodies
54
neutralization and elimination of microbes and microbial toxins
antibody function
55
binds the toxin and neutralizing the activity that can no longer be infectious and pathogenic
neutralization of microbes and toxins
56
target cells covered by antibodies and consequently aim to destroy the target cell
antibody- dependent cellular cytotoxicity
57
tag of foreign pathogens that helps for elimination
opsonins
58
immune process uses opsonins
opsonizatiin and phagocytosis
59
ability to cause or death to other cells
cytotoxity
60
antibody structure
heavy chain determine isotype of antibody classified based on amino acid
61
five major classes of constant region of Ab heavy chains
Gamme - IgG Mu - IgM Alpha - IgA Epsilon - IgE Delta - IgD
62
properties of IgA
mucus saliva & breast milk
63
properties of IgD
part of B cell and basophil and mast cell
64
properties of IgE
protects from parasitic worms responsible for allergic reaction
65
properties IgG
secreted by plasma membrane able to across from placenta to fetus
66
properties of IgM
responsible for early stages immunity
67
response activation of naive B cells
primary response
68
response by memory cells B
secondary response
69
acquire from someone or something else
passive immunity
70
develops after exposed ti an infection or from getting vaccination
active immunity
71
antibodies made after exposure to an infection
natural
72
antibodies made after getting a vaccination
artificial
73
antibodies transmitted from mother to baby (eg breastmilk)
natural
74
antibodies acquired from an immune serum medicine
artificial
75
prime humoral and cellular immune responses against pathogens or their toxins without simultaneously causing disease
vaccinations
76
cell mediated immunity also called
t cells
77
recognition of bacterial peptidoglycan
toll like receptor 1
78
immune cells can recognize pamps & damps
immune cells through pattern recognition receptors
79
indentify viral dsRNA ssRNA
TLR 3
80
recognizing flagellin
TLR 5
81
PHAGOCYTE RELEASE CYTOKINE
remind

microparasitology (7 decks)

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