MOD 7 CONTROLLING MICROORGANISMS

Question 1

microbial forms of relative resistance prions & bacterial
endospores

Answer 1

Highest resistance

Question 2

microbial forms of relative resistance fungal spores & hyphae, enveloped viruses, yeasts, and protozoans

Answer 2

Lowest resistance

Question 2

naked viruses, and some bacteria (M. tuberculosis, S. aureus and Pseudomonas sp.)

Answer 2

Moderate resistance

Question 2

Methods of microbial control that can kill all viable microorganisms including viruses & spores

Answer 2

Sterilization

Question 3

Methods of microbial control that use a physical process or chemical agent (disinfectant) to destroy most vegetative pathogens and most viruses

Answer 3

Disinfection

Question 3

Mostly performed with heat but chemicals can also be used

Answer 3

Sterilization

Question 4

Methods of microbial control that use any cleansing technique that mechanically removes microorganisms to reduce
contamination to safe levels

Answer 4

Sanization

Question 5

Antiseptics applied directly to exposed body surfaces (living tissues) to destroy or inhibit
vegetative pathogens

Answer 5

Antisepsis

Question 6

Removal of microbes from a limited area area of skin being prepared for injection (use of soaps, detergent)

Answer 6

degerming

Question 7

Covers all those technique to prevent the entry of microorganisms into sterile tissues

Answer 7

asepsis

Question 8

meaning of cide

Answer 8

to kill

Question 9

chemical that destroys bacteria
(not endospores)

Answer 9

bactericide

Question 10

meaning of static

Answer 10

stand still ( just inhibit)

Question 11

a chemical that can kill fungal
spores, hyphae, and yeasts

Answer 11

fungicide

Question 12

a chemical that inactivates viruses

Answer 12

virucide

Question 13

can destroy bacterial endospores

Answer 13

sporicide

Question 14

chemical agents that kill a variety of microorganisms

Answer 14

Germicide and microbicide

Question 15

prevent the growth of bacteria

Answer 15

bactertiostatic

Question 16

– inhibit fungal growth

Answer 16

fungistatic

Question 17

materials used to control
microorganisms in the body

Answer 17

microbiostatic

Question 18

whati is microbial death

Answer 18

if a cell is dysfunctional & can no longer reproduce

Question 19

Baking in an oven, Burning
(incineration)

Answer 19

Dry heat

Question 20

what is incineration

Answer 20

substances turning into ashes

Question 21

boiling or steaming

Answer 21

moist heat

Question 22

Electric coils radiate heat within an enclosed compartment

Answer 22

Dry Oven (hot air)

Question 23

how many degrees does sterilization need

Answer 23

170-180°C for 1 hours but typically 160-165 °C FOR 2 hour

Question 24

Steam can only reach how many degrees

Answer 24

100 C

Question 25

pasteurization temp of flash method

Answer 25

74 C in 3-5 sec

Question 26

pasteurization temp of conventional method

Answer 26

62 C in 30 mins

Question 26

quite common especially in domestic circumstances.

Answer 26

boiling

Question 27

autoclaving 15 psi 121. 5C

Answer 27

REMIND

Question 28

refrigeration & freezing

Answer 28

cold treatment (common in food processing and storage)

Question 29

refrigeration does not completely inhibit the microbial growth

Answer 29

REMIND

Question 30

causes cell membrane and cell wall rupture

Answer 30

slow freezing

Question 31

suspends bacterial actvities

Answer 31

rapid freezing

Question 32

inhibit growth by removing water

Answer 32

desiccation

Question 33

mixing of freezing & drying

Answer 33

lyophilization

Question 34

energy emitted from atomic activities and dispersed at high velocity through matter or space

Answer 34

radiation

Question 35

2 categories of radiation

Answer 35

ionizing & non ionizing radiation

Question 36

radiation that excites the electrons to the point that they are ejected from the molecule entirely causing the formation of ions

Answer 36

ionizing radiation

Question 37

example of ionizing radiation

Answer 37

gamma rays, X rays, and cathode rays

Question 38

radiation that excites electrons causing them to jump orbitals but don’t leave the molecule

Answer 38

non ionizing radiation

Question 39

leads to abnormal linkage

Answer 39

non ionizing radiation

Question 40

dna damage produces by uv eadiation and sunlight

Answer 40

thymine dimer

Question 41

Effective for removing microbes from air and liquids

Answer 41

filtration

Question 42

Used high-frequency sound waves to disrupt cell structure

Answer 42

sound waves

Question 43

water-filled chamber through which the sound waves become vibrations that can disrupt cell structure

Answer 43

sonicator

Question 44

microbial control that are most commonly used in 70-95% mixture

Answer 44

B. Isopropanol and ethanol

Question 45

Especially effective against anaerobic organisms

Answer 45

oxidizing agent

Question 46

Generally work well against vegetative cells but not spores B. Work by disrupting the cell membrane structure C. Ex. soaps, detergents and mouthwas

Answer 46

Chemicals with Surface Action (Surfactants): Detergents

Question 47

effective against all microbes, including endospores and viruses

Answer 47

Ethylene Oxide Gas

Question 48

Useful in sterilizing fabrics

Answer 48

ethylene oxide gas

Question 49

More effective in inactivating enveloped viruses than nonenveloped viruses

Answer 49

alcohol

Question 50

denature protein and distrupt cell membrane effective against vegatative cells but not spore

Answer 50

phenol

Question 51

Fluorine, bromine, chlorine, and iodine are what kind of microbial control

Answer 51

halogens

Question 52

factor that determine effectiveness of antimicobial procedure

Answer 52

temp time concentration type of microbe number of microbe presence of spore