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microparasitology > MOD 7 CONTROLLING MICROORGANISMS > Flashcards

MOD 7 CONTROLLING MICROORGANISMS Flashcards

1
Q

microbial forms of relative resistance prions & bacterial
endospores

A

Highest resistance

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2
Q

microbial forms of relative resistance fungal spores & hyphae, enveloped viruses, yeasts, and protozoans

A

Lowest resistance

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2
Q

naked viruses, and some bacteria (M. tuberculosis, S. aureus and Pseudomonas sp.)

A

Moderate resistance

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2
Q

Methods of microbial control that can kill all viable microorganisms including viruses & spores

A

Sterilization

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3
Q

Methods of microbial control that use a physical process or chemical agent (disinfectant) to destroy most vegetative pathogens and most viruses

A

Disinfection

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3
Q

Mostly performed with heat but chemicals can also be used

A

Sterilization

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4
Q

Methods of microbial control that use any cleansing technique that mechanically removes microorganisms to reduce
contamination to safe levels

A

Sanization

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5
Q

Antiseptics applied directly to exposed body surfaces (living tissues) to destroy or inhibit
vegetative pathogens

A

Antisepsis

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6
Q

Removal of microbes from a limited area area of skin being prepared for injection (use of soaps, detergent)

A

degerming

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7
Q

Covers all those technique to prevent the entry of microorganisms into sterile tissues

A

asepsis

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8
Q

meaning of cide

A

to kill

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9
Q

chemical that destroys bacteria
(not endospores)

A

bactericide

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10
Q

meaning of static

A

stand still ( just inhibit)

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11
Q

a chemical that can kill fungal
spores, hyphae, and yeasts

A

fungicide

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12
Q

a chemical that inactivates viruses

A

virucide

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13
Q

can destroy bacterial endospores

A

sporicide

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14
Q

chemical agents that kill a variety of microorganisms

A

Germicide and microbicide

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15
Q

prevent the growth of bacteria

A

bactertiostatic

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16
Q

– inhibit fungal growth

A

fungistatic

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17
Q

materials used to control
microorganisms in the body

A

microbiostatic

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18
Q

whati is microbial death

A

if a cell is dysfunctional & can no longer reproduce

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19
Q

Baking in an oven, Burning
(incineration)

A

Dry heat

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20
Q

what is incineration

A

substances turning into ashes

21
Q

boiling or steaming

A

moist heat

22
Q

Electric coils radiate heat within an enclosed compartment

A

Dry Oven (hot air)

23
Q

how many degrees does sterilization need

A

170-180°C for 1 hours but typically 160-165 °C FOR 2 hour

24
Q

Steam can only reach how many degrees

A

100 C

25
Q

pasteurization temp of flash method

A

74 C in 3-5 sec

26
Q

pasteurization temp of conventional method

A

62 C in 30 mins

26
Q

quite common especially in domestic circumstances.

A

boiling

27
Q

autoclaving 15 psi 121. 5C

A

REMIND

28
Q

refrigeration & freezing

A

cold treatment (common in food processing and storage)

29
Q

refrigeration does not completely inhibit the microbial growth

A

REMIND

30
Q

causes cell membrane and cell wall rupture

A

slow freezing

31
Q

suspends bacterial actvities

A

rapid freezing

32
Q

inhibit growth by removing water

A

desiccation

33
Q

mixing of freezing & drying

A

lyophilization

34
Q

energy emitted from atomic
activities and dispersed at high velocity through matter or space

A

radiation

35
Q

2 categories of radiation

A

ionizing & non ionizing radiation

36
Q

radiation that excites the electrons to the point that they are ejected from the molecule entirely causing the formation of ions

A

ionizing radiation

37
Q

example of ionizing radiation

A

gamma rays, X rays, and
cathode rays

38
Q

radiation that excites electrons causing them to jump orbitals but don’t leave the molecule

A

non ionizing radiation

39
Q

leads to abnormal linkage

A

non ionizing radiation

40
Q

dna damage produces by uv eadiation and sunlight

A

thymine dimer

41
Q

Effective for removing microbes from air and liquids

A

filtration

42
Q

Used high-frequency sound waves to disrupt cell structure

A

sound waves

43
Q

water-filled chamber through
which the sound waves become vibrations that can disrupt cell structure

A

sonicator

44
Q

microbial control that are most commonly used in 70-95% mixture

A

B. Isopropanol and ethanol

45
Q

Especially effective against anaerobic organisms

A

oxidizing agent

46
Q

Generally work well against vegetative cells
but not spores
B. Work by disrupting the cell membrane
structure
C. Ex. soaps, detergents and mouthwas

A

Chemicals with Surface Action (Surfactants):
Detergents

47
Q

effective against all microbes, including endospores and viruses

A

Ethylene Oxide Gas

48
Q

Useful in sterilizing fabrics

A

ethylene oxide gas

49
Q

More effective in inactivating
enveloped viruses than nonenveloped viruses

A

alcohol

50
Q

denature protein and distrupt cell membrane effective against vegatative cells but not spore

A

phenol

51
Q

Fluorine, bromine, chlorine, and iodine are what kind of microbial control

A

halogens

52
Q

factor that determine effectiveness of antimicobial procedure

A

temp
time
concentration
type of microbe
number of microbe
presence of spore

microparasitology (7 decks)

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