Mod 8 micropara lec Flashcards by Roanne Gamit

use of chemical in the treatment of disease or condition

chemotherapy

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chemicals used to treat a disease or condition

chemotherapeutic agents

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group of agent that share common aim

antibiotics

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treat fungal infection

antifungal

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treat protozoal infection

antiprotozoal

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treat virus infection

antiviral agent

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treat bacterial infection

antibiotics agent

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kills & inhibit pathogens
causes no damage to the host
causes no allergic reaction to the host
stable in any form
kills pathogens before they mature and be resistant

characteristics of antimicrobial agent

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use our own cell machinery

viruses

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least similar that is related to human

prokaryotes

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biochemically similar that closely related to humans

eukaryotes

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antimicrobial that is difficult to develop and use

antviral agent

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inhibit replication

azidothymidine

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1st viral agent

azidothymidine & zidovudine

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treatment for HIV

azidothymidine

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enzymes synthesized another strand to enter the human cell to facilitates DNA replication

reverse transcriptase

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selective poision

antibiotic

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targets either gram positive or gram negative bacteria

narrow spectrum

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kills gram positive & negative

broad spectrum

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kills bacteria

bacteriocidal

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inhibit the growth of bacteria

bacterioststic

species of fungi

penicillium & cephalosporium

produce in lab

synthetic drug

target in bacteria

nucleic acid

both horizontal and vertical

crosslinks

inhibit transpeptidase

Beta lactam

inhibit specific binding of alanine in cross-bridge to transpeptidase

vancomycin &cycloserine

secretion of NAM & NAG subunits

Bacitracin

enzyme that is present in almost bacteria

Transpeptidase

enzyme use to create crosslinks (covalent bonds) between peptidoglycan & cell wall

transpeptidase

has 2nd 3rd 4th generation

cephalosporin

disruption of the 50s ribosomes

inhibition of protein synthesis

change the shape of 30s ribosomes

aminoglycosides

block assess a site of 30s subunit

tetracycline

block peptide bind formation from 50s subunit

Chloramphenicol

block 50s subunit action

Macrolides

supercoiled maintain by

gyrase

disrupt bacterial cell membrane

polymixin

prevent coiling and of DNA

Quinolones

binds dna block replication

metronidazole

key of coenzyme

follic acid

process of inhibition of PABA

antimetabolite activity

structural analogs of PABA

sulfonamides

broad range activity against gram positive & negative

spectrum of activity

combination of sulfonamides & trimethoprim

combination therapy

prevents emergence of resistant strains

combination therapy

inhibit formation of tetrahydrofolic acid

trimetophrim

drug resistant bacteria

superbugs

explosion of microorganisms due to prolonged used of antibiotics

superinfection

change in transport protein, ribosome, enzyme

mutation

conjugation genetic information allowing cell to overcome drug

plasmids

bacteria learns to use new metabolic pathways

end round