Mod 6, Measurement Flashcards
Define measurement.
is a systematic process of assigning numbers to characteristics/attributes of individuals using a set of carefully selected and explicitly stated rules
Define the Standards for Educational and Psychological Testing FLAV
fairness in treatment during testing, lack of measurement bias, accessibility, validity of individual test score interpretation for the intended uses (knowing when to modify standardized testing without giving an individual an unfair advantage)
Define a Content Bias.
: occurs if test items favor one group of individuals over another group
Define a Testing Situation Bias:
results from a variety of external factors that influence test performance such as response bias, test taking ability, examiner characteristics, and achievement motivation
Pearson Product-Moment Correlation:
measures a relation between two continuous variable such as height and weight
Item Response Theory: f
focuses on the test taker’s performance on individual test items and that person’s overall ability on the attributes the items are designed to measure
Define the quality of statistical distinctiveness.
present if distinct numerical values may be assigned to individuals who belong to a different class of characteristic being measured
Define the quality of statistical Order in Magnitude.
present if assigned numerical values represent the degree of measured characteristics, with lower values signifying lower degree of that characteristic and higher values doing the opposite
Define the statistical quality of Equal Intervals.
difference between two numeric values represents the same degree of difference in a measured characteristic; no absolute zero point
Define Absolute Zero.
when the numeric value 0 truly signifies the absence of the measured characteristic
Define the Nominal Level of measure and its statistical attributes.
-Described in terms of distinctiveness
- no ordering magnitude
NO equal intervals and absolute zero/ don’t apply to this level
PURPOSE: CLASSIFY INDIVIDUALS INTO DIFFERENT GROUPS BASED ON A GIVEN CHARACTERISTIC
Define the Ordinal Level of measurement and its statistical attributes.
-permits the assignment of a higher number to an individual who has a greater degree of a measured characteristic (intelligence)
-NO ABSOLUTE ZERO
-HAS ORDERING OF MAGNITUDE
-NO EQUAL INTERVALS
Define the Interval Level of measurement and its statistical attributes.
-distinctiveness
-has ordering of magnitude: measures to what degree an attribute exists
-has equal intervals: represents the degree of difference in measured characteristics (temp measurements, iq tests)
-NO ABSOLUTE ZERO
Ratio Level of Measurement
- has equal intervals
-has ordering of magnitude, - has an absolute zero
-has distinctiveness CAN BE ADDED, SUBTRACTED, AND MULTIPLIED
What do standardized and non-standardized tests individually measure
-Standardized tests measure more general constructs (abstract attributes that cannot be directly measured); the test itself is assessed in terms of reliability and validity; ALLOWS EVALUATOR TO COMPARE THE SAMPLE TO A LARGER POPULATION
-Non-Standardized tests: designed to measure specific constructs, questions/corresponding response formats may be modified as needed; ALLOWS EVALUATOR DOES A BETTER JOB OF CAPTURING THE SPECIFIC EFFECTS OF THE INTERVENTION
