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Corpsman A-School > Mod 5 Soft Tissue Damage > Flashcards

Mod 5 Soft Tissue Damage Flashcards

1
Q

The skins major functions (Protection)

A

-The skin is a barrier that keeps out microorganisms, debris, and unwanted chemicals.

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2
Q

The skins major functions (Water balance)

A

-The skin helps prevent water loss and stops environmental water from entering the body

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3
Q

The skins major functions (Temperature regulation)

A

-Blood vessels in the skin dilate to carry more blood to the skin allowing heat to radiate away from the body.

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4
Q

The skins major functions (Excretion)

A

-Salts, carbon dioxide, and excess water can be released through the skin.

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5
Q

The skins major functions (Shock impact absorption)

A

The skin and its layers of fat help protect the underlying organs from minor impacts and pressure.

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6
Q

The skins 3 major layers

A
  • Epidermis
  • Dermis
  • Subcutaneous
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7
Q

The epidermis

A

-The outer layer of the skin

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8
Q

The dermis

A

-The inner (second) layer of skin found beneath the epidermis. It is rich in blood vessels and nerves.

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9
Q

The subcutaneous

A

-The layers of fat and soft tissues found below the dermis

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10
Q

Closed wound

A

-An internal injury with no open pathway from the outside

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11
Q

Types of closed wounds

A
  • Contusions
  • Hematomas
  • Closed crush injury
  • Blast injury
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12
Q

Contusions

A
  • Simply a bruise

- The most frequently encountered type of closed wounds

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13
Q

Hematomas

A

-A swelling caused by the collection of blood under the skin or in damaged tissues as a result of an injured or broken blood vessel.

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14
Q

Closed crush injury

A

-An injury caused when force is transmitted from the body’s exterior to its internal structures. Bones can be broken, muscles nerves, and tissues damaged, and internal organs ruptured, causing internal bleeding.

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15
Q

Blast injuries (Closed wound)

A
  • The most common closed injuries associated with blast trauma are the rupture of hollow organs.
  • Air filled organs such as lungs and ear drums will commonly burst when struck by the high pressure of a blast.
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16
Q

Types of open wounds

A
  • Abrasions
  • Lacerations
  • Punctures
  • Avulsions
  • Amputations
  • Crash injuries
  • Blast injuries
  • High pressure injection injuries
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17
Q

Open wounds

A

-An injury in which the skin interrupted, exposing the tissue beneath

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18
Q

Abrasions

A

-Simple scrapes and scratches in which the outer layer of skin is damaged but not all the layers are penetrated.

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19
Q

Lacerations

A
  • A cut often caused by a sharp object.

- May be smooth or jagged.

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20
Q

Penetrating trauma and punctures

A

-When an object passes through the skin.

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21
Q

Avulsions

A
  • The tearing away or tearing off of a piece or flap of skin or other soft tissue.
  • May also be used for an eye being pulled from socket or tooth dislodged from socket.
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22
Q

Amputation

A

-The surgical removal or traumatic severing of a body part, usually an extremity.

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23
Q

Open crush injuries

A

-An open crush injury can result when an extremity is caught between heavy items such as a piece of machinery.

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24
Q

Bite wounds

A
  • Assessed and treated like any other open wound
  • Be watchful for infection
  • Could be a sign of abuse or assault.
25
Q

Blast injuries (open wound)

A

-When a patient is injured from a blast or explosion may sustain any number or injuries open or closed.

26
Q

Primary injury (Blast injuries)

A
  • Pressure wave

- Blast winds hit the patient causing damage to any air or fluid filled organs.

27
Q

Secondary injury (Blast injuries)

A
  • Blast wave

- Result in projectiles hitting patient causing open and penetrating wounds.

28
Q

Tertiary injury (Blast injuries)

A
  • Patient displacement

- Blast wind may propel patient to ground or against objects causing further injury.

29
Q

Quaternary injury (Blast injuries)

A
  • Patient exposed to hazardous material or structural collapse.
  • Injury due to exposure of toxins, burns, and crush injuries.
30
Q

High pressure injection injury

A

-Can occur when a patient is working with a machine that injects grease, paint, air, or some other substance under high pressure.

31
Q

Treating penetrating trauma

A
  • Reassure patient
  • Search for additional penetrations including exit wounds. Control bleeding.
  • Assess need for BLS whenever there is a gunshot wound. Care for shock administer oxygen
  • Follow local protocols in regards to spine stabilization.
  • Transport patient.
32
Q

Treating impaled objects

A
  • Expose wound area
  • Control profuse bleeding by direct pressure if possible
  • Have another rescuer apply several layers of bulky dressing around injury site.
  • Secure dressing in place
  • Care for shock
  • Keep patient at rest
  • Transport carefully and as soon as possible
  • Reassure patient throughout care.
33
Q

If an object penetrates the cheek

A
  • Examine wound site
  • Remove the object if you find perforation and you can see both ends of the object.
  • Position the patient appropriately
  • Monitor patients airway after object has been removed or stabilized
  • Dress outside of wound using pressure dressing.
  • Consider the need for oxygen and care for shock.
34
Q

Object impaled in eye

A
  • Stabilize object
  • apply rigid protection using a cup not Styrofoam.
  • Secure cup with bandage or wrapping gauze.
  • Dress and bandage uninjured eye.
  • Consider need for oxygen and care for shock.
  • Reassure patient and provide emotional support.
35
Q

Treating avulsions

A
  • Clean the wound surface
  • Fold the skin back to its normal position as gently as possible
  • Control bleeding and dress the wound using bulky pressure dressing.
36
Q

Treating amputations

A
  • Use tourniquet if bleeding cannot be controlled.
  • Wrap or bag amputated part in a plastic bag and keep it cool by cold packs
  • Do not put directly on ice or amerce in water.
37
Q

Care for genital injuries

A
  • Control bleeding
  • Preserve any avulsed parts
  • Consider another possible injury
  • Display calm mannerisms to maintain patients dignity
  • Dress and bandage
  • Consider possibility of sexual assault.
38
Q

3 ways burns can be classified and evaluated

A
  • By agent and source
  • By depth
  • By severity
39
Q

Superficial burn

A
  • A burn that only involves the epidermis.
  • Characterized by reddening of the skin and some swelling
  • Commonly known as a first degree burn.
40
Q

Partial thickness burn

A
  • The epidermis is burned through and the dermis is damaged.
  • Causes reddening, blistering, and a mottled appearance.
  • Commonly known as a second degree burn
41
Q

Full thickness burn

A
  • All the layers of the skin are damaged
  • There are areas that are charred black and areas that are dry and white.
  • Commonly known as a third degree burn
42
Q

Minor burn classifications (Full thickness, Partial thickness, Superficial)

A
  • Full thickness burns of less than 2 percent of the body surface, excluding the face, hands, feet, genitalia, or respiratory tract
  • Partial thickness burns less than 15 percent of the body surface
  • Superficial burns of 50 percent of the body surface or less
43
Q

Moderate burn classification (Full thickness, Partial thickness, Superficial)

A
  • Full thickness burns of 2 to 10 percent of the body surface, excluding face, hands, feet, genitalia, or respiratory tract.
  • Partial thickness burns of 15 to 30 percent of the body surface
  • Superficial burns that involve more than 50 percent of the body surface
44
Q

Critical Burn (Full thickness, Partial thickness, Superficial)

A
  • All burns complicated by injuries of the respiratory tract, other soft tissue injuries, and injuries of the bones
  • Partial thickness or full thickness burns involving the face, hands, feet, genitalia, or respiratory tract.
  • Full thickness burns of more than 10 percent of the body’s surface
  • Partial thickness burns of more than 30 percent
  • Burns complicated by musculoskeletal injuries
  • Circumferential burns
45
Q

Minor, moderate, critical burn classifications for children under the age of 5

A
  • Minor is a partial thickness burn of less than 10 percent
  • Moderate is a partial thickness burn of 10-20 percent
  • Critical is a full thickness burn of any extent or partial thickness burn of more than 20 percent 
46
Q

Care for thermal burns

A
  • Stop the burning process/cool the burned area (flame wet down, smother, then remove affected clothing. semi solid (grease, tar, wax) cool with water, do not remove substance.)
  • Ensure open airway
  • Look for signs of airway injury
  • Complete primary assessment
  • Treat for shock. Provide O2. Treat serious injuries.
  • Evaluate burns by depth, extent, and severity
  • Do not clear debris. Remove clothing and jewelry
  • Wrap with dry sterile dressing
  • Remove jewelry that may constrict blood flow. Separate fingers or toes with sterile gauze pads.
47
Q

Treating chemical burns

A
  • Primary care is to wash away the chemical with copious slow flowing water for 20 mins. If dry chemical brush away as much as possible.
  • Apply a sterile dressing or burn sheet
  • Treat for shock
  • Transport
48
Q

Treating specific chemical burns (Mixed strong acids, dry lime, carbolic acid, sulfuric acid, hydrofluoric acid, inhaled vapors.

A
  • Mixed or strong acids or unidentified substances continue to wash even if patient no longer feels pain.
  • Dry lime do not wash must brush
  • Carbolic acid start with alcohol to unbroken skin then wash with water.
  • Sulfuric acid wash skin
  • Hydrofluoric acid has slow onset still flood with water
  • Inhaled vapors provide O2 and transport immediately
49
Q

Chemical burns to eyes

A
  • Flood eyes with water
  • Start transport and continue washing for 20 mins
  • After washing cover both eyes with moistened pads
  • Wash for 5 more mins if patient still complains of pain
50
Q

Care for electrical injuries

A
  • Provide airway and breathing care
  • Provide basic cardiac life support
  • Care for shock and administer O2
  • Care for spine injuries, head injuries, and severe fractures.
  • Evaluate electrical burns, look for at least two external burn sites.
  • Cool like thermal burn
  • Apply sterile dressings
  • Transport as soon as possible
51
Q

Dressing

A

-Material used to cover a wound that will help control bleeding and prevent contamination

52
Q

Bandage

A

-Any material used to hold dressing in place

53
Q

Universal dressing

A

-A bulky dressing

54
Q

Pressure dressing

A

-A dressing applied tightly to control bleeding

55
Q

Occlusion dressing

A

-Any dressing that forms an airtight seal.

56
Q

Dressing open wounds

A
  • Take standard precautions
  • Expose the wound
  • Use sterile or very clean materials
  • Cover entire wound
  • Control bleeding
  • Do not remove dressings
57
Q

Bandaging open wounds

A
  • Do not bandage too tightly
  • Do not bandage too loosely
  • Do not leave loose ends
  • Do not cover tips of fingers and toes
  • Cover all edges of the dressing
58
Q

Rule of nines

A

-Each of the following areas represents 9 percent of body surface: head, and neck, chest, abdomen, upper back, lower back, buttocks, the front of each lower extremity, and the back of each lower extremity. 4 1/2 percent for front and back of arms. 1 percent for genitalia. For children and infant 14 percent is assigned to head, 14 percent to each lower extremity.

59
Q

Rule of palm

A
  • The hand equals about 1 percent of body’s surface area.

- Can be used to estimate body burn percentage

Corpsman A-School (16 decks)

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