Mod 5 Bleeding and Shock

Question 1

The circulatory or cardiovascular system

Answer 1

-Responsible for the distribution of blood to all of the body.

Question 2

Perfusion

Answer 2

-The supply of oxygen to and removal of wastes from the body’s cells and tissues as a result of the flow of blood through the capillaries.

Question 3

Hypoperfusion

Answer 3

-The body’s inability to adequately circulate blood to the body’s cells to supply them with oxygen and nutrients. Also known as shock.

Question 4

Arteries

Answer 4

• -The arteries carry oxygen rich blood away from the heart.
• Has a thick muscular wall for dilation and constriction and to withstand a large amount of pressure.

Question 5

Capillaries

Answer 5

-Oxygen rich blood is emptied from the arteries into microscopically small capillaries which supply every cell of body.

Question 6

Veins

Answer 6

-Blood that has been depleted of oxygen and loaded with carbon dioxide and other wastes in the capillaries empties into the veins, which carry it back to the heart.

Question 7

Function of blood (Transportation of gases)

Answer 7

-Blood picks up inhaled oxygen at the alveoli in the lungs and carries it to the body’s cells.

Question 8

Function of blood (Nutrition)

Answer 8

-Blood circulates nutrients from the intestines or storage tissues to the other body cells.

Question 9

Function of blood (Excretion)

Answer 9

-Blood carries waste products from the cells to organs such as the kidneys that eliminate them from the body.

Question 10

Function of blood (Protection)

Answer 10

-Blood carries antibodies and white blood cells which help fight disease and infection.

Question 11

Function of blood (Regulation)

Answer 11

-Blood carries substances that control the body’s functions such as hormones, water, salt, enzymes, and chemicals.

Question 12

Hemorrhage

Answer 12

• Severe bleeding

- Major cause of shock in trauma.

Question 13

Arterial bleeding

Answer 13

-Bleeding from an artery which is characterized as a bright red color and is rapid profuse and hard to control.

Question 14

Venous bleeding

Answer 14

-Bleeding from a vein which is characterized as a dark red color. Bleeds steady and is easy to control.

Question 15

Junctional hemorrhage

Answer 15

• Occurs where appendages of the body connect to the trunk

- Large arteries and veins tend to be less well protected and vulnerable to traumatic forces.

Question 16

Capillary bleeding

Answer 16

-Bleeding from the capillaries. Slow and and oozing flow of blood.

Question 17

Hypothermia

Answer 17

• Reduction in the body’s temperature.

- Can affect bloods ability to clot.

Question 18

Signs of shock (Hypoperfusion)

Answer 18

• Altered mental status
• Pale, cool, and clammy skin
• Nausea and vomiting
• Vital changes such as jump in pulse rate, increase in respiratory rate, drop in blood pressure.

Question 19

Direct pressure

Answer 19

• First step in bleeding control
• Do not remove dressing once set.
• Use a pressure dressing which is a bulky dressing held in position with a tightly wrapped bandage.

Question 20

Elevation

Answer 20

• Decreases bleeding
• Elevate injury above the heart
• Gravity helps reduce the blood pressure to the extremity.

Question 21

Hemostatic agents

Answer 21

-Substances applied as powders, dressings, gauze, or bandages to open wounds to stop bleeding.

Question 22

Tourniquet

Answer 22

• A device used for bleeding control that constricts all blood flow to and from a major extremity injury.
• Do not apply directly above a joint.
• Apply 2 inches above the wound.

Question 23

Splinting

Answer 23

• Controls musculoskeletal injuries.

- Stabilizes extremities to prevent bone ends from causing further injuries.

Question 24

Inflatable splints

Answer 24

• Used to control internal and external bleeding.

- Produces a form of direct pressure.

Question 25

Cold application

Answer 25

• Application of a cold pack or ice to an injury.
• Cold reduces bleeding by constricting blood vessels
• Cold minimizes swelling

Question 26

Internal bleeding

Answer 26

-Internal bleeding occurs inside the body normally caused mainly by blunt trauma but also by penetrating trauma.

Question 27

Mechanisms of blunt trauma that may cause internal bleeding

Answer 27

• Fall
• Motor vehicle crashes
• Auto-pedestrian collisions
• Blast injuries

Question 28

Mechanisms of penetrating trauma that cause internal bleeding

Answer 28

• Gunshot wounds
• Stab wounds
• Impaled objects

Question 29

Signs of internal bleeding

Answer 29

• Bruising
• Swollen or deformed extremities
• Bleeding from mouth, rectum, vagina, or other body orifice
• Tender, rigid, or distended abdomen
• Vomiting coffee grounds like substance or bright red vomitus.
• Dark tarry stools

Question 30

Causes of shock

Answer 30

• The heart fails as a pump
• Blood volume is lost
• Blood vessels dialate, creating a vascular container capacity that is too great to be filled by the available blood.

Question 31

Compensated shock

Answer 31

-The body senses a decrease in perfusion and tries to compensate for it.

Question 32

Decompensated shock

Answer 32

• Begins when body can no longer compensate for low blood volume or lack of perfusion
• Late signs of shock

Question 33

Hypovolemic shock

Answer 33

-Resulting from blood or fluid loss (Dehydration)

Question 34

Hemorrhagic Shock

Answer 34

-Shock resulting from blood loss

Question 35

Cardiogenic shock

Answer 35

• Lack of perfusion brought on by blood loss but by the hearts inadequate pumping action.
• Often the result of a heart attack or congestive heart failure.

Question 36

Neurogenic shock

Answer 36

-Shock due to nerve paralysis resulting in the dilation of blood vessels that increases the volume of the circulatory system beyond the point where it can be filled.

Question 37

Septic shock

Answer 37

-Shock caused by toxins produced by sepsis that can lead to dilation of the blood vessels.

Question 38

The golden hour

Answer 38

-Getting a patient to a hospital within an hour after the injury took place

Question 39

Platinum time

Answer 39

-Get procedures done at a scene at a maximum of ten mins.