Mod 4 General Pharmacology Flashcards
Asprin and it’s effects and use
- Used to reduces blood clotting and treat clots associated with heart attack.
- Chewable
- May cause allergies and have gastrointestinal bleeding.
- Carried on ambulance
Oral glucose and it’s effect and use
- Provides sugar to those w/ an altered mental status or history of diabetes.
- Tube of gel that is placed between cheek and gum or under tongue
- Carried on ambulance
Epinephrine and it’s effect and use (Epi-Pen, Auvi-Q, Twin Ject)
- Helps to constrict blood vessels and relax airway passage.
- Counters severe allergic reactions.
- Can cause increased heart rate and blood pressure.
- May assist w/ injection but may need to consult medical direction.
- Prescribed to patient
Activated Charcoal and it’s effect and use
- Treats a poisoning or overdose in digestive tract. Absorbs poisons and helps them from being absorbed in body.
- Consult medical direction before use.
- Special medication.
Atropine
- Treats medical responders during a chemical weapons attack.
- Special medication.
Oxygen (O2) and it’s effect and use
- Gas found in atmosphere used as a drug to treat patients w/ hypoxia or in need of oxygen.
- Carried in ambulance
Bronchodilator inhalers and their effect and use
- Spray device contains aerosol form of medication sprayed into airway.
- Used for asthma, ephysema, or bronchitis
- Can cause jitteriness, increased heart rate, and nervousness.
- May assist with intake.
- May need to consult w/ medical direction.
- Prescribed to patient.
Nitroglycerin and it’s effect and use
- Helps dilate coronary vessels that supply heart muscles w/ blood.
- Spray or pill used for people w/ history of heart attack or chest pains.
- Do not ingest if taken Viagra.
- Can cause drop in blood pressure, headache.
- Can assist w/ intake may need to consult medical direction.
- Prescribed to patient.
Drug Names
Generic, Chemical, and brand.
Indication
-Signs, symptoms, or circumstances in which it is appropriate to administer drug to patient.
Contraindication
-Signs or symptoms in which it is not appropriate to administer medicine to a patient.
Side effect
-Any action of a drug other than the desired action.
Untoward effect
-Effects that are not only unexpected but may also be harmful to a patient.
Parental
-Route of medication administration that does not use the gastrointestinal tract such as an intravenous medication
Entreal
-Route of medication administration that uses the gastrointestinal tract such as swallowing a pill.
5 rights
- Do I have the right patient?
- Is it the right time to administer the medication?
- Is it the right medication?
- Is it the right dosage?
- Is it the right route of administration?
Routes of administration
- Oral, or swallowed
- Sublingual, or dissolved under tongue
- Inhaled or breathed into lungs
- Intanasal or sprayed into nostrils
- Intravenous or injected into vein
- Interamuscular or injected into muscles
- Subcantaneous or injected under skin
- Intraosseous or injected into bone marrow
- Endotracheal or sprayed directly into tube inserted into trachea.
Pharmacodynamics
- The study of medications and their effects on the body.
- Light weight people require smaller doses while heavier older people require larger dosages.
Naloxone (Narcan) and it’s effect and use
- Antidote for narcotic drug over doses.
- Injected or sprayed
- Special medication
Atomizer and it’s effect and use
- Device attached to end of a syringe to atomize medication.
- Turns into very fine droplets
3 important parts to IV (Intravenous Catheter) tubing
- Drip Chamber
- Flow regulator
- Drug or needle port (part that is inserted)
Steps for administration
- Inspect the fluid bag that it is right medication and not harmed.
- Select proper administration set.
- Connect the extension set to the administration set.
- Make sure flow regulator is closed
- Remove cover from port of bag and spiked end.
- Hold fluid bag higher than drip chamber
- Open flow regulator
- Turn off flow
The 2 ways of IV administration
- First way is through a heparin lock or a saline lock. Small cap is placed over the end of catheter and provides a port in which the medicine can be administered.
- The second way is the traditional bag above patient method. Flowing medication and fluids constantly.
- Bad flow can cause blood clot.
