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Science7 review > Mod 3 > Flashcards

Mod 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Using the location and depth of where a fossil is found to estimate age is called

A

the law of superposition

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2
Q

Which of the following best displays the four major layers of Earth? (4 points)

a. Inner core, outer core, mantle, crust
b. Core, lithosphere, troposphere, crust
c. Outer core, inner core, mesosphere, crust
d. Core, asthenosphere, troposphere, crust

A

a. Inner core, outer core, mantle, crust

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3
Q

Composite volcano

A

formed by a series of eruptions that form layers of ash and lava

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4
Q

Scientists find the same type of index fossil in two different locations on Earth. What can they conclude from this discovery?

A

The index fossils are the same geological age.

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5
Q

If Earth was like a hardboiled egg, which part of Earth would the egg shell represent and why? (4 points)

a. Crust, as its depth is up to 3,000 kilometers
b. Mantle, as its depth is up to 3,000 kilometers
c. Mantle, as its depth is less than 100 kilometers
d. Crust, as its depth is less than 100 kilometers

A

d. Crust, as its depth is less than 100 kilometers

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6
Q

Body waves

A

seismic waves that travel through Earth’s interior

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7
Q

What process uses atomic particles of carbon and uranium to determine exact age?

A

Radioactive dating

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8
Q

Cinder cone volcano

A

formed when there is a violent eruption that contains a great deal of ash and cinders

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9
Q

Accretion

A

new land that is formed beneath the plates from divergent boundaries

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10
Q

Scientists have discovered that the inner core of Earth is a solid while the outer core is a liquid. What is the cause of this observation? (4 points)

a. The outer core has a higher temperature and more pressure than the inner core
b. The outer core has a lower temperature and lower pressure than the inner core
c. The inner core has a lower temperature and higher pressure than the outer core
d. The inner core has a higher temperature and lower pressure than the outer core

A

b. The outer core has a lower temperature and lower pressure than the inner core

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11
Q

Continental drift:

A

states that all of the continents were once joined together into a single, giant landmass named Pangea; now called the theory of plate tectonics

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12
Q

Convergent boundary:

A

Convergent boundary: occurs when tectonic plates move towards each other and slowly collide

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13
Q

The _____ temperature and the _____ pressure on Earth’s inner core force it to remain a solid. (4 points)

a. high, low
b. low, high
c. low, low
d. high, high

A

d. high, high

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14
Q

Scientists discovered that the inner core of Earth is a solid. Explain what evidence supports this thinking. Be sure to include how pressure, temperature, and density play a role. (4 points)

A

They noticed it was solid when they used a seismograph and saw that the waves were behaving as they would when going through/near a solid.
The core is solid because of the high pressure making it denser and even though it’s hot it needs a higher temperature to melt due to the high pressure.

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15
Q

Two students below described a part of Earth’s middle layer:

Bob: The deepest part
Joe: The semi-fluid part

Which part of the middle layer did Bob and Joe describe? (4 points)

a. They both described the mesosphere.
b. They both described the asthenosphere.
c. Bob described the mesosphere and Joe described the asthenosphere.
d. Bob described the asthenosphere and Joe described the mesosphere.

A

c. Bob described the mesosphere and Joe described the asthenosphere.

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16
Q

Earthquake

A

Earthquake: movement of tectonic plates causing a force and release of energy in the form of seismic waves

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17
Q

Mantle

A

Mantle: the layer that is directly below Earth’s crust and is divided into three parts: lithosphere, asthenosphere, and mesosphere

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18
Q

Fault-block mountain:

A

Fault-block mountain: forms on fault lines causing the land above to crack, rising and falling to create jagged edges and step cliffs

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19
Q

Lithosphere

A

Lithosphere: the rigid, solid upper mantle connected to Earth’s crust

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20
Q

Inner core

A

Inner core: the inner most solid layer of Earth

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21
Q

Divergent boundary:

A

Divergent boundary: occurs when tectonic plates move apart from one another

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22
Q

Fault

A

Fault: a deep crack in the ground that extends deep in Earth’s crust; found at areas where the tectonic plates meet

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23
Q

Pangea

A

Pangea: an ancient, single landmass composed of all the continents

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24
Q

Atom

A

Atom: the smallest unit of an element that makes up all matter

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25
Q

Love wave:

A

Love wave: seismic wave that causes the exterior ground to move side to side; travels only through solids

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26
Q

Density

A

Density: the measure of mass per volume; the number of particles in a given space

27
Q

Mesosphere

A

Mesosphere: the solid lower layer of the mantle

28
Q

Primary wave:

A

Primary wave: seismic wave that causes the interior of Earth to squeeze and stretch like a slinky; travels through solids and liquids

29
Q

Carbon

A

Carbon: an element present in all living things, like plants and animals

30
Q

Crust

A

Crust: the hard, rigid outermost layer of Earth

31
Q

Folded mountain:

A

Folded mountain: created when plates move causing the land above to fold creating waves, twists, and turns in the rock

32
Q

Deposition

A

Deposition: the process by which sediments, soil, rocks, or other Earth debris are added to a landform

33
Q

Seafloor spreading:

A

Seafloor spreading: divergent boundaries in plates under the sea

34
Q

Half-life:

A

Half-life: the time taken for the radioactive decay of an element to occur

35
Q

Rayleigh wave

A

Rayleigh wave: seismic wave that causes the exterior ground to rise and fall; travels only through solids

36
Q

Convection currents:

A

Convection currents: movement of liquid or gaseous matter in a circular motion caused by a difference in temperature; warm rises and cool sinks, causing a circular current

37
Q

Index fossils:

A

Index fossils: remains of organisms that existed only for a specific period of time and are used as guides for age analysis

38
Q

Secondary wave:

A

Secondary wave: seismic wave that causes interior of Earth to move side to side; travels only through solids

39
Q

Law of superposition:

A

Law of superposition: rocks are deposited in sequence with the oldest rock layers on the bottom and the youngest rock layers on the top

40
Q

Subduction

A

Subduction: when one plate moves over the other and pushes it deep into the mantle

41
Q

Outer core:

A

Outer core: the liquid layer located between the mantle and the inner core

42
Q

Oceanic crust:

A

Oceanic crust: the parts of Earth’s crust located beneath the ocean that make up the seafloor

43
Q

Shield volcano

A

Shield volcano: formed when several slow, gentle eruptions cool and form layers of lava

44
Q

Theory of plate tectonics:

A

Theory of plate tectonics: states that all of the continents on Earth were once connected creating one big landmass named Pangea; was once called the continental drift theory

45
Q

Pressure

A

Pressure: the amount of force on a substance

46
Q

Surface waves:

A

Surface waves: seismic waves that can only travel along the surface of the ground

47
Q

Seismograph

A

Seismograph: instrument used to measure earthquake waves

48
Q

Seismic waves

A

Seismic waves: release of energy when two tectonic plates interact

49
Q

Radioactive decay

A

Radioactive decay: the process by which the nucleus of an unstable atom loses energy by emitting radiation in order to become stable

50
Q

Tectonic plates

A

Tectonic plates: the layer of Earth that is split into large pieces; it floats on the asthenosphere and moves due to convection currents

51
Q

Transform boundary:

A

Transform boundary: occurs when tectonic plates slide past each other

52
Q

Strata

A

Strata: layers in rock

53
Q

Volcano

A

Volcano: formed when lava or ash builds up over time

54
Q

Asthenosphere

A

Asthenosphere: a transition zone beneath the lithosphere that is semi-fluid, sometimes referred to as the plastic layer

55
Q

Uranium

A

Uranium: an element present in nonliving things, like rocks and artifacts

56
Q

Continental crust:

A

Continental crust: all the parts of Earth’s crust that are not beneath the ocean

57
Q

Which of these is a characteristic of index fossils? (7 points)

a. Found in the topmost rock layer
b. Found in many layers of the same rock
c. Have already established relative age
d. Are limited to a particular geographic location

A

c. Have already established relative age

58
Q

Which layer is between the crust and the asthenosphere? (7 points)

a. Inner core
b. Lithosphere
c. Mesosphere
d. Outer core

A

b. Lithosphere

59
Q

The movement of tectonic plates in two locations is described below:

Location A: Tectonic plates collide and one plate moves over the other while the other plate is pushed deep into the mantle
Location B: Tectonic plates slide past each other

Which statement is most likely correct? (7 points)

a. Volcanic eruptions may occur in both locations.
b. There is no chance of earthquakes in the two locations.
c. Mountains may form in Location B but not in Location A.
d. Subduction happens in Location A but not in Location B.

A

d. Subduction happens in Location A but not in Location B.

60
Q

Millions of years ago, the Indian plate began pushing gradually towards the Eurasian plate. The land above started rising in various patterns. Which physical feature most likely resulted from such a motion? (7 points)

a. Fault block mountain with waves, twists, and turns
b. Fault block mountain with jagged, rough edges
c. Folded mountain with waves, twists, and turns
d. Folded mountain with jagged, rough edges

A

c. Folded mountain with waves, twists, and turns

61
Q

Which of these describes a method in studying plate movements? (7 points)

a. Observing absence of magnetic rocks in locations that do not match the poles
b. Match relief elements only on the western side of the Atlantic Ocean
c. Recording the spread of the seafloor in the mid-Atlantic region
d. Correlate the rotation of Earth to plate movement

A

c. Recording the spread of the seafloor in the mid-Atlantic region

62
Q

Which of the following evidence supports the theory of plate tectonics? (7 points)

a. Age of rocks and mountains
b. Fossils
c. Magnetism
d. Size and shape of continents

A

c. Magnetism

63
Q

Which of the following provides evidence that supports the theory of plate tectonics? (7 points)

a. Glacier movement
:b. Matching fossils
c. Seafloor spreading
d. Types and ages of rocks

A

c. Seafloor spreading

Science7 review (11 decks)

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