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Pathophysiology > Mod. 10: Digestive System/ Psych Disorders > Flashcards

Mod. 10: Digestive System/ Psych Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

Name 3 pairs of salivary glands

A

parotid
submandibular
sublingual

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2
Q

visible blood in stools indicating a lower GI bleed

A

hematochezia

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3
Q

dark, tarry stools indicating an upper GI bleed

A

melena

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4
Q

dilated varicose veins in esophagus
-portal hypertension d/t blockage or dec. blood flow into liver

A

Esophageal Varices

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5
Q

sliding of part of stomach into chest cavity through hole in diaphragm d/t weakened cardiac sphincter, inc. abdominal pressure, obesity, pregnancy etc

A

hiatal hernia

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6
Q

inflammation of lower esophagael tissue & chronic “heartburn”

A

reflux esophagus/
(GERD)- gastroesophageal reflux disease

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7
Q

over time, mucosal cells lining lower portion of esophagus experience metaplastic change

A

Barrett’s esophagus

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8
Q

2 types of esophageal cancer

A

squamous cell carcinoma- from squamous cells in lining
adenocarcinoma- from mucous producing cells

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9
Q

inflammation of stomach lining

A

Gastritis
chronic (nonerosive) & acute (erosive w/ ulcers)

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10
Q

chronic ulcer in stomach or duodenum w/ lots of H. Pylori bacteria d/t drugs, alcohol, stress, NSAIDs

A

Peptic ulcer

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11
Q

disease linked to food additives, tobacco, pickled/smoked/salted foods, H. Pylori infection

A

stomach cancer

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12
Q

inflammation of stomach & intestine d/t to bacterial, viral or parasitic infections

A

Gastroenteritis

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13
Q

pouching of small intestine & peritoneum in groin over inguinal ligament
-congenital or weak abdominal wall

A

Inguinal Hernia

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14
Q

s/s: bulge in groin or scrotum w/ pain that increases w/ lift/bend but relieved when lying down; severe s/s if “strangulated”

A

inguinal hernia

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15
Q

small intestine can’t adequately absorb nutrients & minerals causing excess fecal excretion, nutrient deficiency & GI s/s

A

Malabsorption syndrome

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16
Q

chronic inflammatory disease w/ periods of remission & exacerbation
-mucosal lesions create “cobblestone” appearance in small intestine

A

Crohn’s disease/
Regional Enteritis

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17
Q

inability to move intestinal contents through bowel d/t blockage of proximal & then collapse of distal (compromises blood flow)

A

intestinal obstruction

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18
Q

infection or obstruction by fecal contents causes appendix blockage

A

appendicitis

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19
Q

s/s: sudden onset of intense R lower abdominal pain (mcBurney’s point)

A

appendicitis

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20
Q

inflammation of peritoneum causing sever diffuse abdominal pain, sweating, fever, weakness etc

A

Peritonitis

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21
Q

inflammation of diverticula (pouch) due to low fiber diet, processed food, lack of exercise etc

A

Diverticulosis

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22
Q

nonspecific, nondamaging intestinal condition due to stress, food, immune condition or intestine sensitivity

A

Irritable Bowel Syndrome

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23
Q

autoimmune disease w/ chronic inflammation & ulceration of colon where mucous membrane becomes erythematous & loses vascularity

A

Ulcerative colitis

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24
Q

disease commonly from adenocarcinoma of mucosal lining
-related to colon polyps, ulcerative colitis, red meat/low fiber diet

A

Colorectal cancer

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25
Q

benign/malignant small, finger-like projections in intestinal wall of colon

A

Intestinal Polyps

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26
Q

enlargement/inflammation of veins at edge of anus d/t chronic diarrhea, pregnancy, obesity, mm weakness, straining

A

Hemorrhoids

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27
Q

blood loss in GI diseases has what affect on vitals?

A

high HR, low BP
(cause orthostatic hypotension)

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28
Q

chronic fibrosis of liver leads to liver failure d/t heavy alcohol use, obesity, Hepatitis infections, cystic fibrosis

A

Cirrhosis of Liver

29
Q

s/s: ascites, esophageal varicosities, GI hemorrhage, hepatic encephalopathy, malnutrition, jaundice, splenomegaly

A

Cirrhosis of Liver

30
Q

inflammatory process in liver d/t virus (Epstein-Barr, herpes, varicella-zoster), drug reaction, chemical reaction or alcohol abuse

A

Hepatitis

31
Q

type of hepatitis: transmitted by close contact or fecal-oral; nonprogressive; 6-10wk recovery

A

Hep A

32
Q

type of hepatitis: transmission through sharing needles, sex or bodily fluid exposure; uses vaccination series

A

Hep B

33
Q

type of hepatitis: can cause chronic liver disease/failure; transmitted through needle sharing, sex or bodily fluid exposure; no vaccine

A

Hep C

34
Q

gallbladder inflammation d/t gallstone blocking cystic duct
-upper R quadrant pain

A

Cholecystitis

35
Q

presence of gallstones in gallbladder or bile ducts d/t excess cholesterol & insufficient bile salts (so overproduction of bile)

A

Cholelithiasis

36
Q

inflammation of pancreas d/t gallstones (acute) or alcohol use (chronic)
-fibrous tissue replaces pancreatic tissue & loss of function

A

Pancreatitis

37
Q

disease w/ rapidly spreading adenocarcinoma; has carcinogen influence; low prognosis

A

Pancreatic cancer

38
Q

organ responsible for regulating electrolyte concentration, A-B balance, blood volume & BP via hormones

A

kidneys

39
Q

diagnostic tests for kidneys (2)

A

BUN- blood urea nitrogen test
creatinine clearance

40
Q

tx process for kidney failure that removes waste, excess Na & fluid by filtering blood (3-5 hr session, 3x/wk)
-pts have chest port or AV fistula on arm

A

hemodialysis

41
Q

bacterial infection of kidneys, bladder or urethra

A

Urinary Tract Infection

42
Q

s/s: inc. urinary frequency, pain/burning w/ urination, cloudy urine, suprapubic pressure, fever, back pain, fatigue, dec. cognition

A

Urinary Tract infection

43
Q

damaged cerebral control of bladder d/t diabetes, CVA, infection, nerve damage, hyperactive detrusor mm, dec. bladder capacity

A

Neurogenic Bladder

44
Q

loss of urine after sudden intense urge to void d/t detrusor mm involuntarily contracting as bladder fills (associated w/ neurological disorders or conditioned reflex)

A

Urge Urinary Incontinence

45
Q

loss of urine when intra-bladder pressure exceeds urethra’s capacity to remain closed d/t urine retention (narrowed/obstructed urethra)

A

Overflow Urinary Incontinence

46
Q

loss of urine d/t inability or unwillingness to go (decreased mental awareness or mobility)

A

Functional Incontinence

47
Q

disease in epithelial cells that line bladder causing hematuria, dysuria, nocturia & infection

A

Bladder Cancer

48
Q

lithotripsy tx used for: (2)

A

gallstones
kidney stones/renal calculi

49
Q

sudden decline in renal function d/t dec. in blood flow from shock, hemorrhage, neoplasm, kidney stones, vascular disorders, CHF
s/s: hyperkalemia, sodium retention

A

Acute Renal Failure

50
Q

progressive deterioration in renal function d/t sever HTN, diabetes, glomerulopathies, interstitial nephritis, polycystic kidney disease

A

Chronic Renal Failure

51
Q

renal cell carcinoma; can trigger thrombus formation in renal vein

A

Renal Cancer

52
Q

What system w/ what 2 compartments: regulates emotional behavior, links thoughts & ANS responses

A

Limbic system
hippocampus & amygdala

53
Q

A perception disorder: sensory perceptions that seem real

A

Hallucinations

54
Q

5 categories of hallucinations

A

reverse
ictal
visual
auditory
smell/taste

55
Q

Perception Disorder: false beliefs persisting as unshakeable, regardless of facts

A

Delusions

56
Q

5 Types of Neuromediators

A

Acetylcholine: excitatory/inhibitory (< in Alzheimers)
Amino Acids: excitatory/inhibitory (anxiety disorders)
Dopamine (overactive- schizophrenia, psychotic disorder)
Epinephrine & Norepinephrine (< in depression)
Serotonin (< in depression & OCD)

57
Q

which drug side effects: dyskinesias, pseudoparkinsonism, sedation, constipation, dry mouth

A

antipsychotic medications

58
Q

chronic, debilitating disorder affecting feelings, perceptions, behaviors & thoughts

A

Schizophrenia

59
Q

s/s: lack of social behavior, little speech, lack of motivation, aptathy, no emotional expression, inappropriate actions, can’t enjoy pleasure

A

Schizophrenia

60
Q

Affective Disorder: alternating periods of depression & mania
-LT drug effects of lithium: osteoporosis

A

Bipolar disorder

61
Q

Affective Disorder: slower mental/physical activity, dec. self-esteem, withdrawal

A

Depression

62
Q

Affective Disorder: intense fear without a precipitating event w/ subj./obj. manifestations, restlessness, palpitations, inc. HR/BP, sweating

A

Anxiety Disorder

63
Q

Tx: benzodiazepines (addictive), antidepressants, beta-adrenergic blockers
w/ side effects: drowsy, fall risk, anterograde amnesia

A

for Generalized Anxiety Disorder

64
Q

Affective Disorder: repeated thoughts & acts w/ out related environmental conditions

A

Obsessive Compulsive disorder

65
Q

Affective Disorder: disproportionately excessive fear of objects, occurrences, and situations d/t trauma, observation, conditioning

A

Phobia disorder

66
Q

Somatoform Disorder: physical complaints of a neurological basis with no anatomical/physio. cause

A

Conversion disorder

67
Q

Somatoform Disorder: excessive fear of illness; that minor ones are serious/life-threatening

A

Hypochondriasis Disorder

68
Q

Somatoform Disorder: complains of symptoms with no physiological basis

A

Somatization Disorder

Pathophysiology (8 decks)

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