Cardiovascular Disorders Flashcards
CO = ___ x ____
heart rate x stroke volume
Disease: lack of adequate blood flow to periphery; have LE wounds
arterial insufficiency
Disease: inadequate drainage of venous blood causing edema, skin abnormalities and ulcerations
Venous Insufficiency
Neuropathic Ulcers: describe wounds
well-defined oval/circle
dry & inelastic shiny skin
good granulation, low-mod exudate
selective vs. non-selective debridement
selective: necrotic tissue removal in a controlled way
nonselective: removes all tissue, both necrotic and living (controversial)
right sided heart valves (2)
tricuspid & pulmonary
left sided heart valves (2)
mitral & aortic
disease: abnormal collection of lymph fluid in soft tissues
lymphedema
s/s: swelling & heaviness in all aspects of extremities, usually unilat; can lose function
lymphedema
Lymphedema Precautions
avoid heat & compression
no needle sticks or BP cuffs on affected side
disease: acute bacterial infection of peripheral lymph vessels
Lymphangitis
S/S: red streak, chills, fever, malaise, cellulitis, leukocytosis
Lymphangitis
disease: symmetrical swelling of both legs; caused by deposits of subcutaneous adipose tissue
Lipedema
disease: Epstein-Barr virus affects B-lymphocytes; airborne fluid transmission
infectious mononucleosis (“Mono”)
s/s: sore throat, headache, fatigue, malaise, enlarged lymph nodes & spleen, inc. lymphocytes
infectious mononucleosis
disease: lymphocytes origin that spreads to nodes and various organs (affect T lymph.)
Hodgkin’s Lymphoma
s/s: enlarged painless cervical lymph nodes, enlarged spleen, anorexia, anemia, infections, fatigue
Hodgkin’s Lymphoma
disease: B-lymphocyte origin resembling leukemia w/ non-organized metastasis
Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphomad
disease: mature B lymphocytes replace bone marrow and erode bone; impaired blood cell and antibody production
multiple myeloma
disease: inflamed artery with fast onset
arteritis
disease: artherosclerosis in arteries of brain
cerebrovascular disease (CVD)
disease: mixing of oxygenated & de-oxygenated blood; often newborns
patent ductus arteriosus
disease: atherosclerosis & thromboembolic processes of peripheral arteries
peripheral artery disease
s/s: kidney function damage, GI symptoms, claudication w/ exertion, gangrene, trophic changes; (common in diabetics)
peripheral artery disease
disease: peripheral vascular disease (arterial or venous); characterized by cold sensitivity & often people with CT disorders
Raynaud’s disease
disease: inflammation w/ thrombosis causing decreased blood supply to hands/feet
Buerger’s disease
disease: damaged veins and valves in LEs which prevents blood flow back to heart
chronic venous insufficiency (CVI)
s/s: leg edema, varicose veins, aching, cramps, itching, redness, skin ulcers on LEs
chronic venous insufficiency (CVI)
disease: inflammation and clotting of veins
thrombophlebitis & DVT
s/s: fever, tenderness/pain, erythema, potential pulmonary embolism
thrombophlebitis & DVT
types of WBCs released in allergic responses (2)
basophils & eusinophils
disease: reduction of O2 transport b/c low RBCs and iron
anemia
s/s: fatigue, chest pain, dyspnea, pallor, low hemoglobin
anemia
disease: malignant neoplasm of blood cells/blood forming organs
leukemia
when body can’t supply enough oxygen to body’s tissues, causes ____ or _____
hypovolemic shock and organ failure
disease: arteries narrow and develop atherosclerosis due to fat-containing placque
coronary artery disease
s/s: SOB, sweating, pain in L chest/shoulder/jaw/neck
coronary artery disease (CAD)
disease: chest pain caused by ischemia to myocardium
angina pectoris
s/s or causes: severe, sharp and sudden (dyspnea, irregular HR); upon overexertion, emotional stress, temp/humidity extremes (2)
angina pectoris
myocardial infarction
disease: death of heart muscle segment b/c coronary artery occlusion
myocardial infarction
disease: unexpected cessation of cardiac activity
cardiac arrest
disease: deviations from normal sinus rhythm of SA node
arrhythmia
s/s: palpitations, tachy/bradycardia, skipped heartbeats, syncope, fatigue
arrhythmia
disease: inability of heart to pump enough blood to meet body’s demands
congestive heart failure
s/s: dependent LE edema, enlarged spleen, liver, belly; dec. CO, headache, distended neck veins
R ventricle CHF
s/s: pulmonary edema, dyspnea, cough, cyanosis, dec. CO, renal failure
L ventricle CHF
disease: hypertrophy of R ventricle b/c altered lung structure or function
cor pulmonale/pulm. heart disease
s/s: progressive SOB, fatigue, LE edema, dizzy, syncope, palpitations, atypical chest pain
cor pulmonale/ pulm. heart disease
disease: heart disease leading to myocardium hypertrophy & ventricular dysfunction
cardiomyopathy
disease types include: dilated, hypertrophic, restrictive
cardiomyopathy
disease: bacterial infection of heart’s lining (endocardium) and often valves
endocarditis
disease: inflammation of myocardium from viruses & parasites
myocarditis
disease types include: stenosis, prolapse, insufficiency
valve diseases
disease: localized abnormal dilation of blood vessel
aneurysm
disease: weakness in vessel wall cause pulsations near naval and LBP
abdominal aortic aneurysm
disease: hardening of arteries b/c fatty cholesterol plaques
atherosclerosis
disease: primary high BP; names norm and stages
hypertension
norm <120/80
elevated 120-129
stage 1- >130
stage 2 >140
crisis: >180
absolute indications to terminate stress test
drop in systolic BP >10;
mod-severe angina
inc. nervous system symptoms
poor perfusion signs
sustained ventricular tachycardia
relative indications to terminate stress test
> 2 mm “ST” depression (EKG)
arrhythmias
fatigue, SOB, wheezing, leg cramp, claudication, chest pain
HTN response
surgery: donor vessel used to bypass occluded vessel
coronary artery bypass graft (CABG)
sternal precautions (3)
no push/pull with 1 arm (so use walker)
no lifting > 5 lbs~
no arms overhead
surgery: balloon at end of catheter inflated in problem area to widen artery’s lumen w/ stent
percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA)
sympathetic NS releases (2) and HR effect
norepinephrine, epinephrine;
tachycardia
parasympathetic NS releases (1) and HR effect
acetylcholine
bradycardia
P wave action
atrial depolarization (neuron excitability)
QRS complex action
ventricular depolarization (excitability) & atrial repolarization(relaxation)
T wave action
ventricular repolarization (relaxation)
