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Pathophysiology > Cardiovascular Disorders > Flashcards

Cardiovascular Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

CO = ___ x ____

A

heart rate x stroke volume

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2
Q

Disease: lack of adequate blood flow to periphery; have LE wounds

A

arterial insufficiency

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3
Q

Disease: inadequate drainage of venous blood causing edema, skin abnormalities and ulcerations

A

Venous Insufficiency

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4
Q

Neuropathic Ulcers: describe wounds

A

well-defined oval/circle
dry & inelastic shiny skin
good granulation, low-mod exudate

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5
Q

selective vs. non-selective debridement

A

selective: necrotic tissue removal in a controlled way
nonselective: removes all tissue, both necrotic and living (controversial)

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6
Q

right sided heart valves (2)

A

tricuspid & pulmonary

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7
Q

left sided heart valves (2)

A

mitral & aortic

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8
Q

disease: abnormal collection of lymph fluid in soft tissues

A

lymphedema

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9
Q

s/s: swelling & heaviness in all aspects of extremities, usually unilat; can lose function

A

lymphedema

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10
Q

Lymphedema Precautions

A

avoid heat & compression
no needle sticks or BP cuffs on affected side

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11
Q

disease: acute bacterial infection of peripheral lymph vessels

A

Lymphangitis

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12
Q

S/S: red streak, chills, fever, malaise, cellulitis, leukocytosis

A

Lymphangitis

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13
Q

disease: symmetrical swelling of both legs; caused by deposits of subcutaneous adipose tissue

A

Lipedema

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14
Q

disease: Epstein-Barr virus affects B-lymphocytes; airborne fluid transmission

A

infectious mononucleosis (“Mono”)

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15
Q

s/s: sore throat, headache, fatigue, malaise, enlarged lymph nodes & spleen, inc. lymphocytes

A

infectious mononucleosis

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16
Q

disease: lymphocytes origin that spreads to nodes and various organs (affect T lymph.)

A

Hodgkin’s Lymphoma

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17
Q

s/s: enlarged painless cervical lymph nodes, enlarged spleen, anorexia, anemia, infections, fatigue

A

Hodgkin’s Lymphoma

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18
Q

disease: B-lymphocyte origin resembling leukemia w/ non-organized metastasis

A

Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphomad

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19
Q

disease: mature B lymphocytes replace bone marrow and erode bone; impaired blood cell and antibody production

A

multiple myeloma

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20
Q

disease: inflamed artery with fast onset

A

arteritis

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21
Q

disease: artherosclerosis in arteries of brain

A

cerebrovascular disease (CVD)

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22
Q

disease: mixing of oxygenated & de-oxygenated blood; often newborns

A

patent ductus arteriosus

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23
Q

disease: atherosclerosis & thromboembolic processes of peripheral arteries

A

peripheral artery disease

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24
Q

s/s: kidney function damage, GI symptoms, claudication w/ exertion, gangrene, trophic changes; (common in diabetics)

A

peripheral artery disease

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25
Q

disease: peripheral vascular disease (arterial or venous); characterized by cold sensitivity & often people with CT disorders

A

Raynaud’s disease

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26
Q

disease: inflammation w/ thrombosis causing decreased blood supply to hands/feet

A

Buerger’s disease

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27
Q

disease: damaged veins and valves in LEs which prevents blood flow back to heart

A

chronic venous insufficiency (CVI)

28
Q

s/s: leg edema, varicose veins, aching, cramps, itching, redness, skin ulcers on LEs

A

chronic venous insufficiency (CVI)

29
Q

disease: inflammation and clotting of veins

A

thrombophlebitis & DVT

30
Q

s/s: fever, tenderness/pain, erythema, potential pulmonary embolism

A

thrombophlebitis & DVT

31
Q

types of WBCs released in allergic responses (2)

A

basophils & eusinophils

32
Q

disease: reduction of O2 transport b/c low RBCs and iron

A

anemia

33
Q

s/s: fatigue, chest pain, dyspnea, pallor, low hemoglobin

A

anemia

34
Q

disease: malignant neoplasm of blood cells/blood forming organs

A

leukemia

35
Q

when body can’t supply enough oxygen to body’s tissues, causes ____ or _____

A

hypovolemic shock and organ failure

36
Q

disease: arteries narrow and develop atherosclerosis due to fat-containing placque

A

coronary artery disease

37
Q

s/s: SOB, sweating, pain in L chest/shoulder/jaw/neck

A

coronary artery disease (CAD)

38
Q

disease: chest pain caused by ischemia to myocardium

A

angina pectoris

39
Q

s/s or causes: severe, sharp and sudden (dyspnea, irregular HR); upon overexertion, emotional stress, temp/humidity extremes (2)

A

angina pectoris
myocardial infarction

40
Q

disease: death of heart muscle segment b/c coronary artery occlusion

A

myocardial infarction

41
Q

disease: unexpected cessation of cardiac activity

A

cardiac arrest

42
Q

disease: deviations from normal sinus rhythm of SA node

A

arrhythmia

43
Q

s/s: palpitations, tachy/bradycardia, skipped heartbeats, syncope, fatigue

A

arrhythmia

44
Q

disease: inability of heart to pump enough blood to meet body’s demands

A

congestive heart failure

45
Q

s/s: dependent LE edema, enlarged spleen, liver, belly; dec. CO, headache, distended neck veins

A

R ventricle CHF

46
Q

s/s: pulmonary edema, dyspnea, cough, cyanosis, dec. CO, renal failure

A

L ventricle CHF

47
Q

disease: hypertrophy of R ventricle b/c altered lung structure or function

A

cor pulmonale/pulm. heart disease

48
Q

s/s: progressive SOB, fatigue, LE edema, dizzy, syncope, palpitations, atypical chest pain

A

cor pulmonale/ pulm. heart disease

49
Q

disease: heart disease leading to myocardium hypertrophy & ventricular dysfunction

A

cardiomyopathy

50
Q

disease types include: dilated, hypertrophic, restrictive

A

cardiomyopathy

51
Q

disease: bacterial infection of heart’s lining (endocardium) and often valves

A

endocarditis

52
Q

disease: inflammation of myocardium from viruses & parasites

A

myocarditis

53
Q

disease types include: stenosis, prolapse, insufficiency

A

valve diseases

54
Q

disease: localized abnormal dilation of blood vessel

A

aneurysm

55
Q

disease: weakness in vessel wall cause pulsations near naval and LBP

A

abdominal aortic aneurysm

56
Q

disease: hardening of arteries b/c fatty cholesterol plaques

A

atherosclerosis

57
Q

disease: primary high BP; names norm and stages

A

hypertension
norm <120/80
elevated 120-129
stage 1- >130
stage 2 >140
crisis: >180

58
Q

absolute indications to terminate stress test

A

drop in systolic BP >10;
mod-severe angina
inc. nervous system symptoms
poor perfusion signs
sustained ventricular tachycardia

59
Q

relative indications to terminate stress test

A

> 2 mm “ST” depression (EKG)
arrhythmias
fatigue, SOB, wheezing, leg cramp, claudication, chest pain
HTN response

60
Q

surgery: donor vessel used to bypass occluded vessel

A

coronary artery bypass graft (CABG)

61
Q

sternal precautions (3)

A

no push/pull with 1 arm (so use walker)
no lifting > 5 lbs~
no arms overhead

62
Q

surgery: balloon at end of catheter inflated in problem area to widen artery’s lumen w/ stent

A

percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA)

63
Q

sympathetic NS releases (2) and HR effect

A

norepinephrine, epinephrine;
tachycardia

64
Q

parasympathetic NS releases (1) and HR effect

A

acetylcholine
bradycardia

65
Q

P wave action

A

atrial depolarization (neuron excitability)

66
Q

QRS complex action

A

ventricular depolarization (excitability) & atrial repolarization(relaxation)

67
Q

T wave action

A

ventricular repolarization (relaxation)

Pathophysiology (8 decks)

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