Mod 1 - Class Points Flashcards
Intervertebral disk are softer than
Fibrocartilage
Hyaline cartilage is everywhere while ______ in intervertebral disk
Fibrocartilage
Gravity compresses intervertebral disk by ___ and why?
1 inch
Loss of water in day
Intervertebral disk length % of vertebral column
20-25% or 1/4
2 types of ossification
- Intermembrane ossification
2. Enchondral ossification
Osteoblasts
Bone forming cells
Won’t produce in low gravity
Osteoclasts
Bone eating cells
Production not impacted by gravity(astronauts lose boss density)
Bone remodeling
Osteoblasts and osteoclasts create and remove bone daily
Scoliosis
Can be seen from front view
Primary curvatures
Born with thoracic and sacral curvatures
Kyphotic curves
Secondary curvatures
Cervical - at 3 months
Lumbar - at 9-10 months
Lordotic curves
Lordotic curve
Curves towards the front(belly forward)
Kyphotic curve
Curves toward the back(belly back)
Lordotic and kyphotic curves are
Pathological conditions
Spinal cord is in
The vertebral foramen
condense spinal cord
more condensed the lower down the spine
where does the spinal cord terminate?
Conus medullaris
L1
Zygapophysial joint are where?
on the articular facets and make the joint between two vertebrae
CSF
cerebral spinal fluid
Termination of spinal cord in newborns
L3
Termination of spinal cord in adults
L1
growth of vertebrae is faster than the spinal cord
Puncture point to pull CSF
L1
where spinal cord terminates
Extension of the duramatter is
S2
Spinal cord length
C1 to L1
Cauda equina contains the
terminal filum(filum terminale)
the pinkish part of the cord(sub arachnoid space) contains
the CSF(cerebral spinal fluid)
8th day of life
Bilaminar disk is formed
18th day of life
Notochord gives signal to form neural groove
start of nervous system
Neural tube forms
brain
spinal cord
hole at the top of the neural tube is
the cranial neuropore
hole at the bottom of the neural tube is
the caudal neuropore
24th day of life
cranial neuropore should close
26th day of life
caudal neuropore should close
Time it takes to form nervous system
Day 18 - Day 26
one week to form
Anencephaly
If cranial neuropore does not close then
the baby is born without a head
Spina Bifida
if caudal neuropore does not close then hole on the back
Spina Bifida types
meningocele
myelomeningoole
spina bifida occulta(coarse hair at site of problem but less severe)
Nucleus puposus
remnant of the notochord is found within
If the vertebral arch stays open then
there is a bulge out
Exoderm forms
the nervous system and skin
endoderm forms
internal structures and organs
mesoderm forms
bones
ex: vertebrae
